Background. Polycythemia vera (PV) is a type of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) associated with a good prognosis but possible serious complications. Although medications lower hematocrit and reduce thrombosis risk, patients and clinicians underuse non-drug approaches such as physical activity (PA), despite growing evidence for their help while dealing with the disease’s symptoms and complications. Aim: This study aims to identify and evaluate the safest and most effective types of physical activity specifically recommended for patients diagnosed with PV. Methods: A brief review of studies examining physical activity in patients with PV or other MPNs was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, American Society of Hematology publications and Google Scholar. Results: Regular PA of moderate intensity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, for 150–300 minutes per week is safe in well-controlled PV (hematocrit < 45%). This level of activity reduces the most common PV complication - fatigue - by 30–50%, but also soothes aquagenic pruritus, especially during water-based exercise, helps with concentration problems, and decreases bone or muscle pain. Discussion and conclusions: Tailored physical activity for patients with polycythemia vera shows promising results in reducing common symptoms. However, further research is needed to develop optimal activity recommendations for all patient groups.
Abstract This report describes a rare and aggressive NUT carcinoma arising from paranasal sinuses. MRI and [ 18 F] FDG PET/CT were both essential for disease evaluation. These modalities demonstrated an aggressive infiltrative growth pattern and revealed disseminated meta-static disease at initial presentation. The imaging findings directly informed therapeutic decision-making.
Introduction: Exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) distress is common among endurance and high-intensity athletes. Symptoms such as nausea, cramps, and diarrhea can impair performance and recovery. Functional supplements with anti-inflammatory and gut-supportive properties are being explored as complementary strategies. Objective: This review evaluates six functional supplements—probiotics, ginger, curcumin, berberine, black currant, and bovine colostrum—for their potential to reduce exercise-induced GI symptoms. Methods: Recent studies (2017–2025) were identified via PubMed and Scopus, prioritizing human trials in athletic or exercise settings. Clinical models such as IBS and heat stress were also considered where athlete-specific data were lacking. Results: Probiotics and bovine colostrum show the most consistent benefits for gut integrity and immune modulation. Ginger and curcumin offer anti-inflammatory and antioxidant support, while black currant and berberine show promise despite limited direct sports data. Effects vary by dose, strain, and supplementation duration. Conclusions: Functional supplements may aid in managing GI distress in athletes. However, standardized protocols and athlete-specific trials are needed. Personalized approaches based on symptom profiles and training cycles may optimize efficacy.
Introduction The goals of this paper are to present the complexity of Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotype, genetic background, and substantial progress that has been made due to the development of genetic engineering techniques in diagnosing and treating this condition. Review methods A thorough review was conducted using the PubMed database, Google Scholar, and relevant subject literature. The paper focused on presenting the latest knowledge available from research on etiology, the course of the disease, and new trends in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Summary Duchenne muscular dystrophy, despite being mainly associated with motoric difficulties, is connected with abnormalities in other areas, even cognitive function. Thanks to progress in genetic engineering, new opportunities have emerged in DMD treatment, including the application of several genetic therapies: adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, CRISPR-Cas9, termination codon read-through, and exon skipping agents. Conclusions Newly emerging medications, acting at the genetic level through various mechanisms, provide hope for further advances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment. Although the application of gene therapy showed a noticeable effect, it was still not satisfactory. At this moment, the most reasonable approach is combined therapy with glucocorticosteroids, interdisciplinary care, and the introduction of a selected type of gene therapy.
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Uncontrolled disease leads to many complications that significantly affect quality of life and life expectancy. Flozins – sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new group of drugs used in the treatment of DM 2, which, in addition to their hypoglycemic effect in the form of increased glucose excretion in urine, also have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. Objective: The aim of the study was to present the benefits of using SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature in PubMed using the keywords: “Diabetes type 2”, “Flozins”, “SGLT2 inhibitors”, “Cardiovascular disease”, and “Renal disease”. Results: It has been proven that SGLT2 inhibitors, in addition to their hypoglycemic effect, also have a beneficial effect on other systems. The studies discussed show that SGLT2 drugs reduce cardiovascular risk and have a protective effect on the kidneys. Summary: The efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors therapy has been confirmed in clinical trials. Future studies should aim to determine at what stage treatment should be initiated in order to maximize the benefits for the patient.
