Sarojini Naidu Medical College (SNMC), is one of the oldest medical schools of India. It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state. It is named after the first lady Governess of Uttar Pradesh, poet and freedom fighter, Bharat Kokila Smt. Sarojini Naidu.The college has the hospital attached to it named Sarojini Naidu Hospital.
BackgroundPrimary tumor-induced osteomalacia (PTIO), a paraneoplastic syndrome, is caused by typically benign mesenchymal tumors that secrete fi broblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). This hormone disrupts vitamin D synthesis and phosphate metabolism, manifesting as bone pain, muscle weakness, fractures, hypophosphatemia, and low vitamin D due to renal phosphate wasting. Patients often face delayed diagnosis due to vague symptoms mimicking other conditions and challenges in locating small tumors.MethodsThis case series reports four PTIO cases managed at a single Indian institute. Diagnosis involved biochemical tests (elevated FGF23, low TmP/GFR), functional imaging (68Ga-DOTANOC PET-CT, FDG PET), and anatomical imaging(MRI, CT). Tumors were resected with wide margins; histopathology confirmed phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors.ResultsTumor locations included anteroinferior iliac spine, proximal humerus, pectineus muscle, and proximal tibia. All patients achieved 100% functional recovery at 1-year follow-up, with normalization of phosphate levels and independence from supplementation (except one initial recurrence in case 4, successfully revised). Mean diagnostic delay was 4 years; post-resection complications were minimal.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrates excellent long-term outcomes of surgical resection in PTIO, and emphasizes on high index of suspicion, multimodality imaging, and wide margin excision. This series bridges gaps in Indian data on rare PTIO, advocating early detection to reduce morbidity.
As the global population ages, especially in low- and middle-income countries, there is an urgent need to rethink how health in older age is understood and addressed. Frailty has long served as a clinical construct to identify vulnerability and guide tailored, specialist care for older people. In 2015, the World Health Organisation introduced the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC) as part of its healthy ageing framework, offering a structured, capacity-based approach to promote functional ability. While conceptually distinct, frailty and IC are complementary. Frailty highlights the need for specialised care in complex cases, whereas IC supports early intervention and prevention across broader populations. This paper explores their differences, areas of overlap and how their integration can support a continuum of care that spans primary to specialist settings. Integrating these concepts connects prevention, health promotion and complex care management. By aligning clinical and public health perspectives, the combined use of frailty and IC offers a holistic, person-centred approach to care system transformation, with the potential to drive coordinated strategies that strengthen both geriatric practice and public health across diverse populations.
Introduction Scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology is a source of radiation exposure to medical staff. It mostly originates from patient interaction during X-ray exposure. Its intensity is determined by technical conditions, including kilovoltage (kVp), phantom thickness, and field size. This research endeavors to quantify scatter radiation with an ionization chamber-based survey meter for different conditions of kVp and phantom thickness to assess its effect in a digital radiographic room. Materials and Methods A GE Definium XR-8000 digital X-ray machine served as the source of radiation. Scattered radiation at a standard distance and angle was measured with the help of the Fluke 451P ionization chamber-based survey meter. Both a basic water phantom and a general radiographic polymethyl methacrylate phantom were employed with varying thicknesses (5-25 cm and 10-40 mm, respectively). Scattered radiation was measured across different tube voltages (50-125 kVp), while mAs and source-to-image distance were kept constant. Results Scattered radiation was proportional to both tube voltage and phantom thickness. In 25-cm water phantom thickness, scatter went from 0.38 mR at 50 kVp to 2.05 mR at 125 kVp. A rise in water phantom thickness from 5 to 25 cm at 80 kVp revealed a rise in scatter from 1.67 to 1.9 mR. The radiographic phantom exhibited a similar trend. Present values were higher as compared with values in literature, because the mAs setting was higher for this investigation. Conclusion This study shows increased scatter with higher kVp and phantom thickness, emphasizing optimized parameters and ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) for radiation safety.
Fractures of the distal femur present significant challenges in orthopaedic trauma due to their complex anatomy, biomechanical demands, and potential complications such as malunion, non union, and stiffness. These fractures, though relatively rare (accounting for 6–7
INTRODUCTION AND AIM:Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India, where a substantial proportion of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in preventable morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers influencing early diagnosis and treatment to inform strategies that promote timely care. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2023 to 2025 in the Departments of Community Medicine and Radiotherapy at Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra. A total of 95 women aged ≥18 years registered for anti-cancer management were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Data were collected through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and review of medical records. Factors influencing healthcare-seeking behavior were examined using the social ecological model and force field analysis. Statistical analysis included bivariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of delay. RESULTS:Most participants were middle-aged, married, housewives (75.8%), and from low-income households. Significant factors associated with delay included first point of care, primary barrier type, cultural/regional beliefs, and use of indigenous medicine (p<0.05). Major barriers were emotional distress (58.9%), lack of personal transport (66.3%), belief that symptoms would resolve (41.1%), social stigma (40%), and financial or administrative constraints. Facilitators included healthcare provider recommendations (58.9%), government awareness programs (65.3%), family support (62.1%), and preference for female doctors. Awareness of breast cancer screening and breast self-examination practices was significantly associated with reduced delay (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified illiteracy (OR: 5.2) and being a housewife (OR: 9.7) as independent predictors of delay. CONCLUSION:Delays in breast cancer care are strongly influenced by educational status, gender roles, and socio-cultural beliefs. Enhancing women's autonomy, expanding awareness initiatives, and strengthening health system support are critical to promoting early diagnosis and improving outcomes.
