Sarojini Naidu Medical College (SNMC), is one of the oldest medical schools of India. It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state. It is named after the first lady Governess of Uttar Pradesh, poet and freedom fighter, Bharat Kokila Smt. Sarojini Naidu.The college has the hospital attached to it named Sarojini Naidu Hospital.
BackgroundPrimary tumor-induced osteomalacia (PTIO), a paraneoplastic syndrome, is caused by typically benign mesenchymal tumors that secrete fi broblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). This hormone disrupts vitamin D synthesis and phosphate metabolism, manifesting as bone pain, muscle weakness, fractures, hypophosphatemia, and low vitamin D due to renal phosphate wasting. Patients often face delayed diagnosis due to vague symptoms mimicking other conditions and challenges in locating small tumors.MethodsThis case series reports four PTIO cases managed at a single Indian institute. Diagnosis involved biochemical tests (elevated FGF23, low TmP/GFR), functional imaging (68Ga-DOTANOC PET-CT, FDG PET), and anatomical imaging(MRI, CT). Tumors were resected with wide margins; histopathology confirmed phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors.ResultsTumor locations included anteroinferior iliac spine, proximal humerus, pectineus muscle, and proximal tibia. All patients achieved 100% functional recovery at 1-year follow-up, with normalization of phosphate levels and independence from supplementation (except one initial recurrence in case 4, successfully revised). Mean diagnostic delay was 4 years; post-resection complications were minimal.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrates excellent long-term outcomes of surgical resection in PTIO, and emphasizes on high index of suspicion, multimodality imaging, and wide margin excision. This series bridges gaps in Indian data on rare PTIO, advocating early detection to reduce morbidity.
As the global population ages, especially in low- and middle-income countries, there is an urgent need to rethink how health in older age is understood and addressed. Frailty has long served as a clinical construct to identify vulnerability and guide tailored, specialist care for older people. In 2015, the World Health Organisation introduced the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC) as part of its healthy ageing framework, offering a structured, capacity-based approach to promote functional ability. While conceptually distinct, frailty and IC are complementary. Frailty highlights the need for specialised care in complex cases, whereas IC supports early intervention and prevention across broader populations. This paper explores their differences, areas of overlap and how their integration can support a continuum of care that spans primary to specialist settings. Integrating these concepts connects prevention, health promotion and complex care management. By aligning clinical and public health perspectives, the combined use of frailty and IC offers a holistic, person-centred approach to care system transformation, with the potential to drive coordinated strategies that strengthen both geriatric practice and public health across diverse populations.
Introduction Scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology is a source of radiation exposure to medical staff. It mostly originates from patient interaction during X-ray exposure. Its intensity is determined by technical conditions, including kilovoltage (kVp), phantom thickness, and field size. This research endeavors to quantify scatter radiation with an ionization chamber-based survey meter for different conditions of kVp and phantom thickness to assess its effect in a digital radiographic room. Materials and Methods A GE Definium XR-8000 digital X-ray machine served as the source of radiation. Scattered radiation at a standard distance and angle was measured with the help of the Fluke 451P ionization chamber-based survey meter. Both a basic water phantom and a general radiographic polymethyl methacrylate phantom were employed with varying thicknesses (5-25 cm and 10-40 mm, respectively). Scattered radiation was measured across different tube voltages (50-125 kVp), while mAs and source-to-image distance were kept constant. Results Scattered radiation was proportional to both tube voltage and phantom thickness. In 25-cm water phantom thickness, scatter went from 0.38 mR at 50 kVp to 2.05 mR at 125 kVp. A rise in water phantom thickness from 5 to 25 cm at 80 kVp revealed a rise in scatter from 1.67 to 1.9 mR. The radiographic phantom exhibited a similar trend. Present values were higher as compared with values in literature, because the mAs setting was higher for this investigation. Conclusion This study shows increased scatter with higher kVp and phantom thickness, emphasizing optimized parameters and ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) for radiation safety.
Recent advancements in vaccinology and the introduction of new vaccines warrant a revision of the existing immunization guidelines. To review and revise the IAP recommendations (2023) on immunization of children aged 0 to 18 years and issue recommendations on existing and new vaccines. The Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) discussed the updates and drafted evidence-based consensus recommendations after several rounds of meetings convened both in-person and virtually. The contents were finalized during the meeting held at the IAP Office, Navi Mumbai, on November 23, 2025. The major changes include recommendation of replacing the quadrivalent (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, B/Yamagata) influenza vaccines with trivalent (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria) influenza vaccines. The use of nirsevimab for respiratory syncytial virus is recommended for high-risk cases, after consultation with the parents. Immunocompetent girls aged 9 to 15 years may receive a single dose of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. A 5-dose intramuscular rabies vaccination schedule administered on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 is recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), along with rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) or rabies monoclonal antibody (RMAb) based on the category of exposure.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Globally, there is high variability in paediatric transfusion practices. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the majority of transfusions in low-income countries are administered to children under 5 years. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology and indications for blood component transfusions among neonatal and paediatric patients across India. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective longitudinal multicentre study was conducted over 6 months (April-September 2022). Standardized data sheets captured age, gender, diagnosis, transfusion indication, component type and first versus repeat transfusion status for all paediatric requests. RESULTS:Twenty-three medical institutions (combined 32,759 beds) participated in the study. Among 396,092 total blood component requests, 52,658 (13.2%) were for paediatric patients. Most were male (60.1%), aged 5-12 years (26.4%), and 42.7% required >1 transfusion. Red cell components were the most frequently requested (68%), followed by platelets (17.5%) and plasma (12.3%). Medical indications accounted for 67.6% requests, followed by 30.3% surgical indications. Haematology (48%), oncology (17.1%) and infections (10.5%) were the most common medical indications; however, cardiac surgeries (44.2%) and gastrointestinal surgeries (30%) were the most common surgical indications. Haemoglobinopathies (21.4%) were overall the most common indication for the transfusions reported. CONCLUSION:Paediatric patients accounted for over 13% of all transfusion requests, predominantly for red cells and medical indications (mainly haemoglobinopathy). This represents the first large-scale epidemiological assessment of paediatric transfusion indications in India and establishes foundational evidence to guide understanding of blood utilization trends in children as well as indicate priority research areas for the future.
