Sethupathy Government Arts College

Breast cancer, diabetes, and chronic inflammatory diseases are major global health challenges, which call for the development of effective biomaterials with potential biomedical applications. In this work, Curcuma longa based mesoporous carbon material (CCL) has been successfully prepared through NaOH-assisted chemical activation and examined in depth for physicochemical and biomedical properties. Results of this experiment indicate successful synthesis of mesoporous carbon material with an average pore size, surface area, and stability temperature of 3.80 nm, 1394.5 m2/g, and 800 °C, respectively. The CCL showed considerable antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 76.25 ± 2.13 and 68.58 ± 2.12 μg/mL in the DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging assays, respectively. Notable antidiabetic effect have also been found with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which described an IC₅₀ value of 89.86 ± 3.25 and 98.65 ± 1.97 μg/mL, respectively. Strong anti-inflammatory capacity has been found in protein-denaturing assay with an IC₅₀ of 72.49 ± 0.62 μg/mL. The material showed high anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with an IC₅₀ value of 24.97 μg/mL and showed apoptosis. The comparative analysis with various previous reports on turmeric-derived materials represents significantly high anticancer activity in this formulation. The synthesized material exhibited enhanced anticancer activity compared with previously reported turmeric-derived materials. Together with its observed antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, these results highlight its potential as a bioactive material for further in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

INTRODUCTION:Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects individuals of all ages. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic agents from natural sources. In this context, Hibiscus cannabinus was selected for the present investigation. The study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus cannabinus extract in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic model in Wistar rats. METHODS:An in vivo study was planned to evaluate the hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects activities of HCE. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, and diabetes was induced by a single acute intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Animals were treated orally with HCE at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.wt., or with Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt.), along with a normal control group. The rats were monitored for body weight, feed intake, blood glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, and markers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity. RESULTS:HCE showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels, improved lipid profile, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats in a dosedependent manner compared with the control group. Notably, the 400 mg/kg b.wt. HCE group exhibited efficacy comparable to that of the Glibenclamide treatment group. DISCUSSION:HCE showed activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. Further investigation into its mechanisms and clinical applicability for managing diabetes-related complications is needed to support its pharmaceutical use. CONCLUSION:HCE extract exhibited strong antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, and antioxidant activities in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Cerium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates at 400 degrees C using a simplified spray pyrolysis technique. Zinc acetate dihydrate and cerium nitrate hexahydrate served as precursor materials. The Ce doping concentration was adjusted to 2 at. %, 4 at. %, and 6 at. %. The influence of Ce incorporation on the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the ZnO thin films was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy, etc.XRD analysis confirmed that the deposited films maintained the hexagonal wurtzite structure characteristic of standard ZnO. SEM images showed that the surface morphology of ZnO films changed with varying Ce doping levels, becoming smoother and more spherical as the Ce concentration increased. All films demonstrated high optical transmittance, exceeding 80 % across the visible spectrum, and an enhancement in transmittance was observed with higher Ce doping. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of various functional groups in the prepared films. PL analysis indicated that the emission intensity varied with doping concentration, with all films displaying a broad UV emission; notably, the film doped with 4 at. % Ce exhibited the strongest UV emission intensity. Antibacterial activity tests against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were conducted using the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that Ce-doped ZnO films exhibited greater antibacterial effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria.

In this investigation, an eco-friendly co-precipitation green routed approach was performed to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) nanoparticles using the exopolysaccharide of an actinobacterial strain. The formation of ZnO-NPs was initially confirmed by peaks of surface plasmon resonance using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized extensively using energy-dispersive X - ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size analyzer (PSA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The produced crystalline nanoparticles were ranged from 18.0 to 40.0 nm. The formed zinc oxide nanoparticles have revealed strong antioxidant potential and also proved their effectiveness against inflammation. ZnO-NPs also exhibited outstanding bactericidal action against clinical pathogenic bacterial strains. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was assessed on breast and cervical carcinoma cells. The morphological changes caused in the cancer cells were observed through different fluorescent studies. This synthesis specifies on greener production of ZnO-NPs, and the attained results suggest that it could be applicable for vital therapeutic uses.

We presented the ultrasensitive detection of caffeine on the honeycomb-derived carbon samples. FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM analysis were used to study the obtained honeycomb-derived carbon’s structural and surface morphologies. The electrochemical studies and detailed morphological examination of the bio-derived carbon revealed that the more electro-caffeine sensing of bio-derived carbon with increased current was influenced by the more electro-active surface of porous carbon. The electrochemical behavior of carbons on a glassy carbon electrode for caffeine detection was demonstrated by employing voltammetric techniques.This sensor was employed to determine caffeine in coffee and tea samples. The detection limit determined was 10 μM, with a high sensitivity of 14125 μA mΜ-1 cm-2 with a linear detection range of 0.02 to 2.0 mM. The electrochemical results reveal that this modified HCC-1 electrodes showing best preferences for establishing reliable and efficient analytical tools for detecting caffeine.