Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (SHMU) is public medical school located in Shahrud, the capital of Shahrud County, in the Iranian province of Semnan..
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) imposes a substantial global health burden, contributing significantly to chronic disability and escalating healthcare costs. Accurate, long-term prevalence forecasts are essential to inform strategic planning for rheumatology services and health resource allocation. Hence, we developed and calibrated a sex-specific illness-death model (IDM) at global, regional, and national scales using GBD data (1990–2021). To uncover underlying epidemiological patterns, we augmented our projections with a frontier analysis that evaluates the efficiency of RA burden relative to sociodemographic index (SDI). We project the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) will rise by 6.3
Acrylamide is a carcinogen that can be formed in some foods such as rice, potatoes, and bread during high-temperature cooking processes (like roasting, baking, and frying). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different additives (including saffron, cinnamon, and turmeric at different percentages) on the formation of acrylamide in tahdig samples using GC-MS method. Our results showed that the average (maximum and minimum) acrylamide content in all samples was 238.7 +/- 50.8 & micro;g/kg (361.6 - 175.3 & micro;g/kg). Also, the average acrylamide levels in tahdig with additives of cinnamon, saffron, turmeric and tahdig samples without additives were 241.9 +/- 30.9, 230.9 +/- 28.9, 202.2 +/- 20.9 and 361.6 +/- 9.0 & micro;g/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the average acrylamide content in the samples of tahdig with different percentages of additives (0.5, 1 and 2 %) was 253.9, 231.3 and 189.8 & micro;g/kg, respectively. The mean of acrylamide in all samples was lower than European Union benchmark level (the EU thesaurus level for rye and wheat based products is 300 & micro;g/kg). The target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for exposure to acrylamide residues were within safe limits for consumers in all samples, except for the carcinogenic sample for children. Margin of Exposure (MOE) values suggest that the carcinogenic effects of acrylamide pose a potential health risk for both children and adults, as the MOE is <10,000, potentially representing a significant public health concern. Therefore, it can be concluded that consuming tahdig can be associated with the occurrence of carcinogenic effects from acrylamide formation in bread tahdig; however, it is advisable to prepare it with additives such as turmeric, saffron, and cinnamon.
The birth of an infant with congenital anomalies is a significant stressor for mothers, often leading to emotional challenges such as anxiety, depression, and grief. This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience, coping strategies, and perceived social support in mothers of infants with congenital anomalies hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 345 mothers of infants with congenital anomalies admitted to NICUs at four hospitals. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Lazarus and Folkman’s Ways of Coping questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Pearson correlation, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA with R software, considering a 5
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have catalyzed interest in exosome-like nanovesicles derived from garlic,exploring their potential therapeutic applications.This review assesses the therapeutic efficacy of garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles(GaELNVs),emphasizing their antimicrobial,anticancer,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory properties,alongside their utility in drug delivery systems.Synthesizing diverse studies,this review discusses methodologies for GaELNV isolation,characterization(including high-speed centrifugation,sequential centrifugation,and sucrose gradient purification),and application.GaELNVs exhibit notable therapeutic potential,evidenced by their capacity to mitigate brain inflammation,enhance cognitive function,improve glucose metabolism,and show minimal immunogenicity.These effects are attributed to their modulation of inflammatory cytokines and other molecular pathways.Moreover,GaELNVs demonstrate robust biocompatibility,stability in acidic environments,and efficient targeting capabilities.In conclusion,this review underscores the promising therapeutic applications of GaELNVs,particularly as a pioneering drug delivery system.However,further investigations are imperative to optimize clinical deployment and comprehensively elucidate their mechanisms of action.
The interaction between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system has been recognized as a significant mechanism in the pathophysiology of depression and stress; research identifying specific microbial patterns associated with these disorders is summarized in this review, highlighting dysbiotic shifts that exacerbate neuroinflammation, dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Microbiota compositions typically exhibit decreased diversity in stress-induced states, such as prolonged psychological stress or exposure to environmental stressors. Both proinflammatory taxa, such as Proteobacteria, overgrow, while beneficial genera, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, are depleted. These changes are linked to increased cortisol levels, compromised intestinal barrier integrity, leaky gut, and ensuing systemic inflammation that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and promotes depressive and anxiety-related traits. Reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and decreased alpha-diversity indices are two recurring patterns observed in metagenomic analyses of individuals with clinical depression. To sustain neuroplastic deficits in areas such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, these microbial imbalances mechanistically interfere with serotonin synthesis, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary interventions are among the approaches that target microbiota restoration and show therapeutic promise in reducing symptoms. In managing stress and depression, this story highlights microbiota patterns as modifiable processes, rather than merely serving as biomarkers. The goal of this review is to examine the impact of the microbiota on depressive disorders and the underlying mechanisms that may provide novel therapeutic approaches.
