We consider the initial-value problem in the d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd (d ≥ 3) for the compressible Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations under the zero sound speed case (namely, P′(ρ*)=0, where P=P(ρ) stands for the pressure). The system is well-known as the Diffuse Interface model describing the motion of a vaper-liquid mixture in a compressible viscous fluid. The purposes of this paper are to obtain the global-in-time solution around the constant equilibrium states (ρ*, 0) (ρ* > 0) satisfying the estimate on the analyticity as established by Foias-Temam (1989), and investigate the Lp−L1 type time-decay estimates in scaling critical settings based on Fourier-Herz spaces. In addition, we also derive the first order asymptotic formula with higher derivatives for solutions as the application of the analyticity.
Polycaprolactone (PCL), despite its extensive use in biomedical engineering, is limited by its slow degradation and hydrophobic nature. To address these shortcomings and enhance its biological functionality, it is blended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and loaded with natural bioactive compounds, enhancing its hydrophilicity, electrospinnability, biodegradability, bioresponsiveness, and multifunctionality. Therefore, this study aimed to fabricate PCL/PEO optimized blended nanoscaffolds (BNS) incorporating betel leaf extracted particles (betel leaf extracts (BLE)) for the first time through electrospinning for applications in advanced tissue engineering and wound healing. BLE particles (725.08 +/- 224.22 nm) were obtained from Piper betle L. through maceration and sonication-assisted ethanolic extraction, followed by drying. Optimized PCL/PEO (10:1 w/w) blended solutions along with 10-30% (w/w relative to polymer) bioactive BLE were used to fabricate the desired scaffolds, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle, swelling ratio, and tensile tests. In addition, antibacterial susceptibility, antioxidant activity, biodegradation, cell viability (A549 line), and in vitro wound closure assays were performed to assess the biological performance. The results demonstrated enhanced surface wettability with the fiber diameter increasing by 20.3-27.57% upon swelling. BLE-BNS exhibited 28-46.13% antioxidant activity, strong antibacterial effects, and acceptable biocompatibility. Notably, wound healing assays demonstrated 1.96-3.14-fold faster closure than the controls. These findings demonstrate that a BLE-loaded BNS is a multifunctional and fascinating choice for advanced wound healing and tissue engineering.
Investigation of gabbroic and dioritic rocks is important for evaluating the geochemical state of the mantle wedge. To reveal the temporal evolution of the mantle wedge from the Early Cretaceous to the Paleogene, we compared gabbroic and dioritic rocks that intruded into the Yamizo Group. We assessed the crystallization age and source material of the Iwafune diorite, located between gabbroic and dioritic rocks of Northeast (NE) and Southwest (SW) Japan, using geological, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb data. The Iwafune diorite consists of a main-diorite and a gabbroic diorite, associated with granite. The gabbroic diorite (54.75-54.90 wt.% SiO2; SrI = 0.70925-0.70939) is more primitive than the main-diorite (56.69-58.61 wt.% SiO2; SrI = 0.70996-0.71020). The whole-rock composition of the Iwafune diorite shows island-arc basalt affinity, characterized by enrichment in Pb and light rare earth elements, and depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti, and heavy rare earth elements. Zircon U-Pb ages of the main-diorite, gabbroic diorite, and granite are 64.9 +/- 1.2, 65.6 +/- 1.2, and 64.7 +/- 2.1 Ma, respectively. Geochemical data and mass-balance modeling show that the main-diorite was derived from the gabbroic diorite through assimilation-fractional crystallization process. Trace element characteristics and isotopic constraints indicate that the Iwafune diorite originated from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle peridotite enriched in Sr content and having a high 87Sr/86Sr ratio than those of depleted mantle. The crystallization age and SrI value of the Iwafune diorite indicate that it belongs to the SW Japan suite. The temporal rise in SrI values from the gabbroic and dioritic rocks of the NE to SW Japan is not attributable to crustal mixing but likely reflects changes in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the mantle peridotite itself.
The rational design of drug delivery systems requires strategies that address the inherent trade-off between active targeting and immune evasion. Here, we present a molecular design that integrates a zwitterionic amino acid interface with morphological control via graft polymer self-assembly enabling both functions to be incorporated within a single carrier. The amphiphilic graft polymers, composed of hydrophilic backbones bearing zwitterionic amino acids and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) side chains, spontaneously assemble into short cylindrical micelles. These micelles exhibit preferential uptake by amino acid transporter-expressing tumor cells while minimizing macrophage internalization, resulting in prolonged blood circulation and substantial tumor accumulation. The cylindrical morphology and zwitterionic surface contribute to reduced nonspecific uptake and enhanced transporter-associated interactions. Upon loading with the photosensitizer IR780, the micelles generate reactive oxygen species and heat under near-infrared irradiation, inducing apoptosis and significant tumor growth inhibition. This study demonstrates a molecular design strategy that resolves the trade-off between tumor targeting and immune evasion through the integration of interfacial chemistry and morphology control. By establishing this structure-function coupling, our work offers a new direction in the design of drug delivery carriers that achieve selective accumulation and prolonged circulation through molecular-level architecture.
The effects of partial substitution of Si with P on the as-spun and crystallized structures, as well as on the static and high-frequency magnetic properties of low-Nb-content Fe78Si12.5-xB7Cu1Nb1.5Px (x = 0-4) alloys were investigated. The correlations among P content, crystallization kinetics, nanocrystalline and magnetic domain structures, and magnetic properties were elucidated. The incorporation of P enhances the amorphous-forming ability, suppresses the formation of α-Fe texture at the surface of as-spun ribbons, and yields a fully amorphous structure. After annealing, all ribbons exhibit a dual-phase structure consisting of α-Fe nanograins embedded in an amorphous matrix. The nanocrystalline structure of the P-containing alloys is markedly refined, accompanied by a pronounced improvement in magnetic softness. Notably, the nanocrystalline alloy with x = 2 exhibits an average α-Fe grain size, coercivity, saturation magnetic flux density, effective permeability at 100 kHz, and core loss at 0.2 T/100 kHz of 17.2 nm, 2.7 A/m, 1.51 T, 18000, and 353 kW/m3, respectively, significantly superior to those of the P-free alloy (32.4 nm, 45.9 A/m, 1.53 T, 2700, and 722 kW/m3, respectively). The substitution of an appropriate amount of P for Si promotes α-Fe nucleation during annealing, which induces strong competitive growth among α-Fe nanograins and suppresses grain coarsening, thereby leading to a refined nanocrystalline structure. Accordingly, more regular magnetic domains are formed, which results in substantially enhanced magnetic softness. The reduced magnetic hysteresis and increased electrical resistivity contribute to decreased core loss. These findings demonstrate the critical role of P in optimizing magnetic softness and provide a promising pathway for the development of cost-effective nanocrystalline alloys with high saturation magnetic flux density.
