Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University

This work introduces an original method combining a genetic algorithm (GA) with the finite element method (FEM) in order to optimise the finite element mesh for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). This approach aims to reposition internal nodes while maintaining the same number of degrees of freedom, resulting in a significant increase in numerical accuracy and improved mesh quality. The approach is tested on two representative problems: the Poisson and heat equations, and the achieved results confirm that GA-driven mesh optimisation substantially decreases the mean squared error (MSE) while conserving well-formed elements. These results highlight the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique to refine FEM analyses on complex geometrical domains.

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have become increasingly integral to industries such as agriculture, surveillance, transportation, and entertainment, raising significant concerns about their vulnerability to cyberthreats. Concurrently, cyberattacks have grown drastically in both frequency and complexity. In response, researchers have increasingly turned to Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve UAS security, though accurately detecting attacks with low computational demands remains a challenge. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR), following PRISMA guidelines, examines ML-based methods for detecting cyberattacks on UAS, analyzing 101 articles published between January 2019 and May 2025. The review summarizes findings on types of feature data, preprocessing techniques, learning approaches, evaluation metrics, and detection designs used in ML-driven cyberattack detection for UAS. Unlike previous reviews, this study addresses the practical implementation of these approaches in UAS. It also highlights key techniques from the literature to help researchers build robust ML models. Furthermore, the SLR outlines the limitations and challenges of ML-based detection methods, including issues related to datasets, evaluation, model complexity, interpretability, and experimental aspects during training and validation. Finally, the review proposes future research directions to advance the field.

This study examined the potential of stress-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to enhance drought and salinity tolerance of Vicia faba (Faba bean) and Pisum sativum (Pea). The assessment focused on soil parameters, morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the host plants, to clarify the mechanisms underlying PSB-mediated stress reduction under extreme conditions. After screening, DNA sequence analysis of 16 S rRNA genes of five isolates revealed that they belong to Pseudomonas spp and Bacillus spp. The five PSB isolates that exhibit plant growth-promoting properties were used as a consortium in three different treatments BC1 (3 isolates), BC2 (3 isolates), and BC3 (5 isolates). The results show that, under drought and salt stress conditions, grain number per plant increased in BC3 inoculated seeds, followed by BC1 for both tested crops, compared to untreated plants. Moreover, BC3 is the best performing, showing the highest seed protein content (83.22

This study investigates the determinants shaping Moroccan companies' intention to adopt the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) reporting framework, illuminating how cultural, ethical, and organizational factors converge in shaping sustainability practices in an emerging market. Grounded in the diffusion of innovations (DoI) theory, the research examines the roles of religiosity, perceived cost, perceived risk, and relative advantage, with organizational readiness conceptualized as a pivotal mediating construct. Drawing on data from 303 Moroccan accounting professionals, the study employs a dual structural equation modeling (SEM) approach-covariance based for model specification and partial least squares for structural testing-to ensure analytical robustness. The results reveal that religiosity and relative advantage exert direct and significant effects on adoption intention, while perceived cost and perceived risk influence adoption indirectly through organizational readiness. Notably, perceived cost emerges as the strongest driver of readiness, reframing financial investment as a pathway rather than a barrier to sustainable transformation. Beyond its empirical contributions, the study underscores the ethical and spiritual dimensions of sustainability, suggesting that religiosity-particularly within Islamic contexts-can act as a moral catalyst for environmental stewardship. By highlighting readiness as the linchpin connecting belief systems, economic considerations, and institutional behavior, the research enriches contemporary debates on sustainability reporting in developing economies and extends the moral discourse surrounding corporate engagement with the ISSB framework.

Salinity and heavy metal accumulation hurt both crop production and ecological sustainability. Although it is expected that stress interaction may result in a specific response, there is limited data on the combined effect of numerous stressors on plants. Three barley genotypes’ responses to sodium chloride (NaCl) were examined regarding tolerance, absorption, partitioning, and cadmium (Cd) translocation. Using hydroponics, seedlings were grown without NaCl and Cd (control), with 200 mM NaCl, 50 µM Cd, and 200 mM NaCl and 50 µM Cd added together or separately for 30 days. Salinity and Cd-NaCl stress substantially impacted growth, relative water content, total chlorophyll, membrane stability index, and potassium absorption. It raised sodium and chloride concentrations in three genotypes, with ‘Tombari’ genotype being more impacted than ‘Assiya’ and ‘Giza 130’. Roots had greater Cd concentration than shoots in both genotypes, whether exposed to Cd alone or Cd-NaCl. The addition of NaCl, interestingly, reduced the accumulation of Cd in the roots and shoots of all three barley genotypes, suggesting that the relationship between NaCl and Cd on absorption and accumulation is antagonistic. The ‘Giza130’ and ‘Assiya’ genotypes collected less Cd in shoots and roots than the ‘Tombari’ genotype. Cd-NaCl stress greatly elevated H₂O₂ and Malonaldehyde levels compared to salinity treatment. Under various stressors, the activity of numerous antioxidant enzymes was significantly higher in Assiya than in Tombari. Our findings also demonstrated that while NaCl decreases Cd accumulation in barley, it intensifies the harmful effects of Cd, hence reducing plant production. All things considered; our findings suggest that salty soils with a little amount of Cd pollution may be able to support the growth of salt-tolerant barley genotypes. Conversely, genotypes that are sensitive to salinity, showing higher Cd accumulation in shoots, may have potential applications in phytoremediation strategies.