Sir Salimullah Medical College

ABSTRACT Background Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes. Their effect in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS), however, remains unclear. This study evaluated whether SGLT2 inhibitors reduce all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalisations after TAVR. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane (CENTRAL), Scopus and Embase was performed through April 2025 for studies comparing post‐TAVR outcomes between SGLT2 inhibitor users and non‐users. Outcomes of interest included a composite of all‐cause mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalisation, along with the individual components of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalisation. All outcomes were extracted at 1 year. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 statistics. Analyses were conducted in R (version 4.4.2). Results Three studies (1 RCT, 2 Observational) comprising 3187 patients met inclusion criteria. SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a reduced risk of the composite outcome (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.86; p < 0.01). Individually, therapy lowered all‐cause mortality (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96; p = 0.03) and HF hospitalisations (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.90; p < 0.01). Conclusion In patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with significant reductions in all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalisations. These findings suggest a promising role for SGLT2 inhibitors in improving post‐TAVR outcomes. However, given the limited data, larger randomised clinical trials are necessary to consolidate these findings. Trial Registration: CRD420251132729

Context: Morphometry of acetabulum bears immense clinical, surgical, and medicolegal significance. It helps clinicians to diagnose and manage hip dysplasia and hip osteoarthritis. Radiological Morphometric parameters of the acetabulum are essential to orthopaedic surgeons for planning before acetabulum surgery and selection of appropriate size acetabular components during total hip arthroplasty. The present study was designed to establish data on different morphometric parameters of the acetabulum in the adult Bangladeshi population and to determine differences in these parameters between males and females. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021 on the anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis of 70 adult Bangladeshi people age ranging from 25-45 years. Acetabular width and acetabular depth were measured unilaterally from the left side on the radiographs with MB ruler software. Then acetabular quotient was calculated. Comparison of the parameters between adult Bangladeshi males and females was done by unpaired student’s t-test. Results: The mean acetabular width of male and female were 66.69 ± 3.49 mm and 60.19 ± 4.20 mm respectively; the mean acetabular depth of male and female were 20.47 ± 2.67 mm and 19.15 ± 2.92 mm respectively and the acetabular quotient of male and female were 305.09 ± 31.59 and 313.97 ± 31.84 respectively. Conclusion: In the present study mean acetabular width was significantly higher in males while mean acetabular quotient was higher in females and the difference was significant. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2022, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 30-34

BackgroundEndodontically treated teeth are increasingly prone to fracture over time, and their resistance to fracture is closely related to the amount of coronal tooth structure removed during access cavity preparation. Preservation of sound tooth structure through appropriate access cavity design is therefore essential for maintaining long-term tooth strength and clinical performance. Accordingly, this study evaluated the influence of traditional and conservative access cavity designs on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular first molars.MethodsForty recently obtained human permanent mandibular first molars were arbitrarily allocated into four groups, each comprising ten teeth: traditional access cavity (TradAC), contracted access cavity (ConsAC), truss access cavity (TrussAC), and intact teeth (control). The experimental groups underwent root canal treatment, and the access cavities were subsequently restored with composite resin to standardize coronal reinforcement prior to fracture testing. Fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine, and fracture patterns were analyzed under a stereomicroscope for fracture type classification. Statistical comparisons among groups were accomplished using one-way ANOVA, tracked by Tukey post hoc tests at p < 0.05.ResultsThrough this experiment, teeth prepared with TradAC exhibited significantly lesser fracture resistance compared with TrussAC and intact teeth (p < 0.05), while no substantial differences were observed between TrussAC and ConsAC or between TradAC and ConsAC (p > 0.05). Unrestorable fractures were more common in the TradAC, ConsAC, and TrussAC groups compared with the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, truss access cavity design demonstrated higher fracture resistance than traditional access cavity design in endodontically treated teeth, and unrestorable fractures were more common than restorable fractures in teeth with access cavity preparations.ConclusionThese findings highlight that adopting conservative access cavity designs, particularly truss access cavities, may improve the structural durability of endodontically treated teeth and support more predictable long-term clinical outcomes.

Globally, undergraduate students exhibit a higher tendency towards tobacco and other substance use. Although there are almost 50,000 undergraduate medical students studying in Bangladesh currently, evidence regarding the prevalence of tobacco other substance use among them is very limited, let alone the predictors. This research aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco or other substance use among medical students in Bangladesh and to investigate the factors associated with tobacco or other substance use. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2023 and August 2024 in sixteen medical colleges in Bangladesh. A total of 1,129 medical students were selected by convenience sampling, and data were collected using an online self-reported semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression model were used to report the study findings. The mean age of the students was 22.3 (± 2) years, with slightly higher female preponderance (52.3

Background:Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a concern for public health in the United States, with demographic groups being affected disproportionately in terms of mortality. The aim of this study is to describe national trends in mortality related to ARDS from 1999 to 2020 and to identify regional and demographic disparities. Methods:Data for mortality caused by ARDS in adults aged ≥ 25 were extracted from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 using ICD-10 code J80. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 and annual percent change with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and arranged by year, race, sex, urbanization, and census region. Results:Between the years 1999 and 2020, 263 648 ARDS-related deaths occurred among individuals aged ≥ 25. There was a moderate decline in AAMR from 7.4 to 4.2 between 1999 and 2018, followed by a sharp increase from 2018 onward, reaching 19.2. The overall AAMR for males was 6.7, and for females, it was 4.7. The highest racial disparities were observed among Non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, who had an AAMR of 8.7, while the lowest AAMR was among NH Asian or Pacific Islander individuals, at 5.1. AAMRs also varied geographically, with the highest rates being recorded in the South and notable increases observed in nonmetropolitan areas. Conclusion:This study showed a significant rise in ARDS-related mortality among males, Non-Hispanic (NH) American Indians or Alaska Natives, residents of the South, and nonmetropolitan residents. While significant progress has been made in reducing mortality rates, challenges remain that require continued action.