Sohag University

Enormous quantities of sludge are produced in water purification plants during process of purifying surface water. These sludges are either disposed of directly in water bodies or require further treatment methods in order to be reused. Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a water extraction method utilizing production wells that draw water from a distance from a surface water source, allowing the water to travel through riverbed soil, which serves as a natural medium for purification. Implementation of Riverbank Filtration as a natural water purification process eliminates Water Treatment Sludge (WTS) quantities and enhances its quality to be reused and safely disposed of into water bodies. This study aims to analysis impacts of mixing Riverbank filtration water and Nile water as a supplemental water source in the Nedda surface water treatment on sludge amounts produced and its characterizations. The Plant involves four Riverbank wells which pumped raw water as inlet water integrated with raw Nile’s water. Results show that water treatment sludge quantity has been eliminated from 10% to 15%, and the enhancement of the removal ratio in some parameters such as COD, was enhanced from 4.7 mg/l to 3.1 mg/l and Manganese eliminated from 0.15 mg/l to 0.094 mg/l. The potential benefits of this innovative approach include improving removal of pollutants, increasing efficiency of water filtration, and reducing costs associated with water treatment and sludge disposal. Moreover, it presents an environmentally sustainable solution to the challenge of sludge management by repurposing it as a resource in water purification.

Background Nickel has wide applications in medical fields, such as surgical instruments, due to its strength and corrosion resistance. Amoxicillin has been tested as a corrosion inhibitor of Ni in acidic and alkaline environments. Amoxicillin contains heteroatoms (N, S, O) with lone pairs of electrons or π bonds. This enables it to adsorb chemically on the metal surface via the Langmuir isotherm. This protects the metal from corrosion. The novelty of the recent study lies in the corrosion protection of Ni in acidic and alkaline media, with comparisons and confirmation using two morphological techniques. Also, studies on the effects of temperature and adsorption mechanisms have been conducted in both acidic and alkaline media. In addition, energy storage studies are carried out in detail. The most important outcomes are presented in the charge-discharge section, including discharge time, specific capacitance, energy, and power variation over cycle number. Methods In this study, 0.5 M H₂SO₄ was used to examine the corrosion of Ni in the absence and presence of varying amounts of amoxicillin. Electrochemical measurements using Tafel polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy showed a decrease in corrosion current density (icorr) and an increase in inhibition efficiency with increasing concentration, reaching a maximum of 95% at 1 × 10⁻⁴ M at 55 °C. Both anodic and cathodic reactions were inhibited, and NiO formation was minimized. Temperature analysis showed that adsorption is exothermic and chemical in nature, as supported by the activation energy and thermodynamic values (ΔH0ads and ΔS0ads). Significant Findings Charge-discharge test results showed improved capacitance (0.140 mA h r-1 in 0.1 M KOH + 1 × 10–5 M amoxicillin and 0.634 mA hr-1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 5 × 10–4 M Amoxicillin). SEM analysis showed the formation of a smoother oxide film on Ni surfaces after the reaction. DFT calculations showed a lower ΔEgap for amoxicillin, indicating its ability for strong chemical adsorption and thus good inhibition efficiency. The expired amoxicillin antibiotic serves as an eco-friendly, efficient inhibitor that significantly improves the corrosion resistance and electrochemical properties of Ni in both acidic and basic solutions.

The electrooxidation of urea offers a promising reaction for wastewater remediation and energy-efficient electrochemical conversion, but its commercialization requires active, stable, and inexpensive anode materials. In this work, a selenium-containing dicarboxylate linker, 2,2′-diselanedibenzoic acid (H2Se2DBA), was prepared via a Sandmeyer diazotization–selenation procedure. H2Se2DBA was subsequently used for the synthesis of Co(II)- and Ni(II)-diselenidibenzoate coordination materials and evaluated as electrocatalysts for urea oxidation in alkaline medium. Both materials were characterized via different methods, and the results indicate the formation of hierarchical assemblies of interconnected nanoparticles with characteristic sizes of 40–150 nm. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the coordination of deprotonated carboxylate groups to the metal centers while preserving the aromatic diselenide backbone. Co-MOF exhibited greater crystallinity, whereas Ni-MOF showed lower crystallinity. For thermal analysis, both frameworks had more than 80% of their initial mass up to 340 °C, which confirms sufficient thermal robustness. Electrochemical measurements indicate a difference in the electrocatalytic activity of the prepared Co-MOF and Ni-MOF, although both were prepared by the same framework and method. This difference is due to the use of transition metals: Co or Ni. In urea solution, the electrooxidation current of 31.83 mA is found in the case of Ni-MOF, which is higher than that of Co-MOF (9.232 mA). Electrochemical impedance analysis showed that the two charge-transfer resistance components of Ni-MOF decreased from 1796 and 1280 Ω to 104.1 and 473.2 Ω, respectively, because of urea addition. This improvement can be attributed to the electrochemical activation of nickel centers and their ability to generate highly reactive Ni(III) oxyhydroxide species. These findings demonstrate how metal-center selection within the coordination framework controls structural and catalytic performance.

The tongue and papillae are vital structures for evaluating texture, taste and quality of food, yet little is known about these structures in Rahmani sheep (Ovis aries). Nine mature male tongues underwent gross inspection and morphometric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy following hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff, Picrosirius red with alcian blue, and methylene blue staining were used to describe morphology. The tongue possessed gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) and mechanical (filiform, conical, and lenticular) lingual papillae. Filiform papillae consisted of the main and numerous subsidiary and tertiary papillae. Five varieties of conical papillae were present on the tongue's dorsal surface. On the torus linguae, two lenticular papillae types were discovered. Most fungiform papillae were button shaped with prominent taste bud pores. Both sides of the torus linguae had rows of circular, elliptical, pyramidal, and oval circumvallate papillae. Flat, broad, undulating annular rods and papillary grooves surrounded the papillae. The lingual surface had several lingual gland holes, which expanded at the root and varying lingual papillae were observed. Light microscopy confirmed these findings and revealed the fundamental trilaminar architecture of the dorsal lingual mucosa, with particular attention to collagen. Specialized circumvallate papillae were demonstrated alongside deep Von Ebner's serous glands and their ducts. The hierarchical organization of associated primary and secondary filiform papillae was also shown. This detailed novel report is the first to show flattened conical papillae on the glossopalatine arch and the root of the tongue. It is the first to show differently shaped lingual gland apertures on the dorsal surface of sheep tongues.