The growing need for sustainable electrification of remote off-grid communities has increased interest in hybrid renewable energy systems that integrate multiple generation sources with energy storage technologies. This study conducts a comparative techno-economic and environmental evaluation of two hybrid renewable energy configurations designed to meet the residential electricity demand of Al-Qulaan village, located on Egypt's Red Sea coast. The proposed systems combine photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation with either battery energy storage systems (BESS) or pumped hydro storage (PHS). An optimization framework based on mathematical models and an aeroelastic-based wind turbine model was employed to optimally size the hybrid system components while minimizing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) under a zero loss of power supply constraint (LPS = 0). The results indicate that the PV/WT/BESS configuration achieves the lowest electricity cost, with an LCOE of 0.316 $/kWh, while the PV/WT/PHS configuration results in a slightly higher LCOE of 0.367 $/kWh. From an environmental perspective, both configurations significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, achieving more than a 97% reduction compared to electricity supplied from the conventional grid. These findings indicate that BESS provides a more cost-effective solution, while PHS remains a competitive alternative, particularly for projects with longer operational lifetimes.
The establishment and continuous improvement of geodetic reference networks are fundamental to ensuring the accuracy, stability, and interoperability of spatial data. This study focuses on the adjustment of the Egyptian Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) network relative to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020). Additionally, it aims to readjust the CORS network relative to the High Accuracy Reference Network (HARN–ITRF1994) and derive transformation parameters between the adjusted solutions in ITRF2020 and HARN–ITRF1994. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations from selected CORS and the neighboring International GNSS Service (IGS) stations are processed to achieve a consistent alignment with ITRF2020. Outlier detection based on standardized residuals and Tau tests is performed to ensure the strength of the network adjustment. The results show that the adjusted Egyptian CORS network achieves horizontal positional accuracies of better than 1 cm and vertical accuracies of better than 4 cm, with error ellipses with semi-major axes of less than 3 mm. The transformation parameters between ITRF2020 and HARN-ITRF1994 are computed using both the Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky-Badekas models, where the latter provides slightly better results.
Hyperscale AI data centers pose grid-stability challenges: converter-dominated loads exhibit negative incremental impedance, while structured training workloads motivate 5 Hz to 40 Hz converter-grid damping screens. This paper develops an impedance-based framework for a co-located hydrogen hub-a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC), reversible fuel cell, and shared DC-link VSC-that shapes point-of-interconnection admittance and provides fault ride-through (FRT) support. The contributions are: (i) a full dq impedance model with a passivity-based impedance-shaping screen and a full-contour generalized-Nyquist stability margin; (ii) a four-variable real-time quadratic program (QP) coordinating APD, reactive current, and SOEC scheduling under limits; and (iii) a reproducible reduced closed-loop study path parameterized to representative IEEE 39-bus conditions. On a Windows 11 workstation running Python 3.11.9 and OSQP 1.0.5, mean OSQP solve times are 49.7 & micro;s to 50.7 & micro;s, with 95th-percentile times below 0.085 ms. In the reduced study, coordinated FRT shortens 0.6 pu-sag recovery from 269 ms to 197 ms while injecting about 342.0 MVAr, and APD attenuates the sustained 15 Hz forced-oscillation residual by about 33% (from 9.8 MW to 6.5 MW). Severe-fault, weak-grid, X/R, and workload forcing-amplitude sweeps show where APD actuation saturation, rather than optimisation latency, becomes limiting. The result links impedance design, real-time optimisation, and closed-loop grid-support studies for hydrogen-coupled AI data-center interfaces.
This comprehensive review presents a thorough examination of recent advances in nanoemulsion (NE) green technology, focusing on biomass-assisted synthesis, characterization, and the diverse biomedical implications of these nanoscale emulsions. NEs, characterized by their minute droplet sizes and kinetic stability, have garnered considerable attention due to their potential applications across various biomedical fields. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art synthesis methods, including mini-emulsion polymerization, NE–solvent evaporation, spontaneous emulsification, sol–gel techniques, and innovative strategies for producing complex multicomponent materials. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of synthetic approaches, offering insights into the current landscape of NE production. In exploring the biomedical applications, the study categorizes nanocarriers formed within NEs, distinguishing between polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid nanocarriers based on their chemical composition. Noteworthy advancements in synthetic strategies are outlined for each category, showcasing the dynamic nature of NEs technology. A key highlight is the discussion of emerging trends in biomedical applications, spanning medicine, food, agriculture, cosmetics, and environmental science. Specific attention is given to the role of NEs in nanofiltration, elucidating their effectiveness in removing diverse pharmaceuticals through polyamide nano-filters. Moreover, the manuscript delves into the pivotal role of NEs in bioremediation, addressing hazardous substances such as PFASs through adsorption, photo-degradation/defluorination, and other innovative mechanisms. This review aims to provide a contemporary overview of green NE technologies, offering valuable insights for researchers, scientists, and practitioners in nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical sciences.
Gastric ulcer (GU) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are prevalent age-associated disorders frequently accompanied by systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that gastrointestinal dysfunction and inflammatory signaling may aggravate neurodegenerative processes. Curcumin (Cur) exhibits well-established antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and gastroprotective properties; however, its therapeutic utility is limited by poor bioavailability. The present study aimed to formulate and characterize Curcumin- encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-CSNPs) and evaluate their dual protective effects in a clinically relevant comorbid rat model combining scopolamine-induced AD-like pathology and ethanol-induced GU. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, Cur-CS-NPs alone, GU, AD, GU + AD, and GU + AD treated with Cur-CSNPs. Behavioral assessments, biochemical analyses, histopathological evaluation, and immunohistochemical investigations were performed on brain and gastric tissues. GU + AD rats exhibited cognitive deficits, neuronal degeneration, amyloid-β accumulation, astrocyte activation, gastric mucosal injury, increased oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, elevated inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced apoptotic signaling. Cur-CSNP treatment significantly improved cognitive performance, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, suppressed NF-κB signaling, decreased amyloid-β deposition, inhibited apoptosis, and restored gastric mucosal integrity. In conclusion, Cur-CSNPs exert concurrent neuroprotective and gastroprotective effects in a comorbid AD and GU model through coordinated modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, amyloidogenic activity, and apoptotic pathways. These findings demonstrate that Cur-CSNPs exert dual neuroprotective and gastroprotective effects by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, amyloidogenic pathways, and apoptosis, highlighting nano-curcumin as a promising therapeutic strategy for gut–brain axis–related disorders. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms and to explore the clinical applicability of nano-formulated curcumin as a therapeutic strategy for disorders involving concurrent gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative pathology.
