The seminal vesicle is an important accessory reproductive organ in male teleosts, but detailed ultrastructural information on its organization in Clarias gariepinus remains limited. This study examined the seminal vesicle of sexually mature male African catfish during the spawning season using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Forty wild-caught males from the Lake Chad region of Maiduguri, Nigeria were examined. Seminal vesicle tissues were fixed in phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon 812, sectioned, and examined using TEM. The seminal vesicle consisted of elongated tubular projections associated with the sperm duct. The epithelium contained numerous spermatogonia within the sperm cysts that were flanked by intercellular junctional specializations in the basal part of the tubule. The apical part of the tubule contained abundant secretory vesicles, seminal vesicle villi, and intervilli spaces. Numerous clusters of oval and elongated mitochondria were located in both the basal and apical parts of the tubule. At the junction between the seminal vesicle projections and the sperm duct, the tissue showed dense connective tissue, lamina propria, and muscular components. These findings provide baseline ultrastructural data on the seminal vesicle of C. gariepinus and may support future studies on teleost reproductive biology and aquaculture reproduction.
The tongue and papillae are vital structures for evaluating texture, taste and quality of food, yet little is known about these structures in Rahmani sheep (Ovis aries). Nine mature male tongues underwent gross inspection and morphometric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy following hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff, Picrosirius red with alcian blue, and methylene blue staining were used to describe morphology. The tongue possessed gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) and mechanical (filiform, conical, and lenticular) lingual papillae. Filiform papillae consisted of the main and numerous subsidiary and tertiary papillae. Five varieties of conical papillae were present on the tongue's dorsal surface. On the torus linguae, two lenticular papillae types were discovered. Most fungiform papillae were button shaped with prominent taste bud pores. Both sides of the torus linguae had rows of circular, elliptical, pyramidal, and oval circumvallate papillae. Flat, broad, undulating annular rods and papillary grooves surrounded the papillae. The lingual surface had several lingual gland holes, which expanded at the root and varying lingual papillae were observed. Light microscopy confirmed these findings and revealed the fundamental trilaminar architecture of the dorsal lingual mucosa, with particular attention to collagen. Specialized circumvallate papillae were demonstrated alongside deep Von Ebner's serous glands and their ducts. The hierarchical organization of associated primary and secondary filiform papillae was also shown. This detailed novel report is the first to show flattened conical papillae on the glossopalatine arch and the root of the tongue. It is the first to show differently shaped lingual gland apertures on the dorsal surface of sheep tongues.
Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds (PDS) are traditionally used to treat gastric ailments. This study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of PDS (Sewy variety) extracts polar (70
Abstract Background Stent retriever (SR), contact aspiration (CA), and combined treatment are vital mechanical thrombectomy (MT) techniques for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Aim This study aimed to compare and rank these three MT strategies for AIS caused by large vessel occlusion using a Frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods A systematic review and Frequentist NMA following PRISMA guidelines were conducted. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were identified from electronic databases from inception to March 2025. Random effect models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 55 studies was included in the current NMA study. CA showed significantly higher modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2c/3 scores at the end of the procedure (OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.04, 3.81]), higher favorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS 0–2) at 3 months (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.03, 1.58]), and fewer adverse events (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.50, 0.98]) compared to combined approach. No significant differences among groups regarding National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and all-cause mortality. Conclusions The CA group demonstrated superior outcomes in mTICI 2c/3 scores, mRS 0–2 and adverse event rates. However, no significant differences were found between CA, SR, or combined approaches for other outcomes. These findings can guide clinicians in selecting appropriate thrombectomy strategies for AIS patients.
To assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous efgartigimod in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and to compare treatment responses between anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab)-positive and -negative subtypes. A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases up to 15 October 2025. Clinical trials and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of efgartigimod in patients with MG were included. A random-effects model was used to pool mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes and proportions for categorical outcomes, with corresponding 95
