Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH) is situated in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.Established in 1970, this college is approved by MCI.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid disorders are two common endocrine conditions in pregnancy; each associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between glucose intolerance and thyroid dysfunction, warranting focused evaluation in high‑risk obstetric populations. Methods: A hospital‑based case–control study was conducted on 120 pregnant women (60 GDM cases, 60 controls) between 24–28 weeks of gestation. Standard oral glucose tolerance testing was used to diagnose GDM. Thyroid function was assessed via serum TSH, free T4, and free T3, with classification into overt and subclinical hypo‑ or hyperthyroidism. Associations with maternal age, BMI, parity, and obstetric/neonatal outcomes were analyzed using chi‑square and logistic regression. Results: Women with GDM had significantly higher mean TSH (5.83 vs. 3.44 mIU/L, p<0.0001) and lower T4 (8.80 vs. 11.73 μg/dl, p<0.0001) and T3 (135.67 vs. 167.48 ng/dl, p<0.0001) compared to controls. Thyroid dysfunction was more prevalent in cases (55%) than controls (38.3%), with subclinical hypothyroidism being the most frequent abnormality (31.7% vs. 23.3%). Descriptive trends indicated higher rates of thyroid dysfunction in women >30 years, increased elective cesarean deliveries among hypothyroid cases, and poorer neonatal outcomes (low birth weight, low APGAR scores) among infants of hyperthyroid mothers, though these did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Pregnant women with GDM exhibit a significantly higher burden of thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism. While associations with maternal age, delivery mode, and neonatal outcomes were not statistically significant, observed trends highlight potential compounded risks. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), Thyroid dysfunction, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy outcomes
Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are ‘ the most common seizure disorder in children aged six months to five years, often causing considerable anxiety for caregivers. Understanding their clinical profile and recurrence patterns is essential for effective management. Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, recurrence patterns, and associated risk factors of febrile seizures in pediatric patients. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 80 children aged 6–60 months presenting with FS at the Department of Pediatrics, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, over six months. Data on demographics, seizure type and duration, fever source, recurrence, and risk factors were analyzed. Simple and complex FS were classified per established guidelines, and recurrence within 24 hours was recorded. Results: The majority of patients were aged 13–24 months (31.2%) with male predominance (60%). Simple FS accounted for 75% of cases, and most seizures lasted 5–15 minutes. Recurrence within 24 hours occurred in 31.2% of children, predominantly within the first six hours. Male sex and a family history of FS were significant risk factors. Respiratory infections were the most common fever source, and seizures frequently occurred at night (35%). Conclusion: FS are predominantly simple, brief, and occur in early childhood, with early recurrences influenced by sex and family history. Recognition of risk factors and caregiver education are crucial for optimized management.
Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy, defined as the development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It causes significant morbidity and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries. The condition can cause very serious maternal complications, including eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and organ dysfunction, and it also adversely affects fetal growth and survival. To enhance the delivery of maternal and neonatal care, it is important to understand the clinical characteristics and outcomes of preeclampsia. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Bihar, from July 2025 to December 2025. 100 pregnant women were recruited who were diagnosed with preeclampsia at over 20 weeks of gestation. The demographic features, obstetric history, clinical manifestations, laboratory data and maternal and fetal outcomes were documented and analyzed descriptively and inferentially with statistical methods. Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 20 to 25 years (45%) and (62%) were primigravida. The most frequently reported combinations of symptoms were headache (72%) and edema (65%). 42% of cases were observed with severe preeclampsia. Cesarean delivery was performed in 56% of patients, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome in 10% and 6% of cases, respectively, and admission to the ICU was observed in 12% of patients. Adverse fetal outcomes were low birth weight (42%), preterm delivery (38%), admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (26%) and stillbirth (4%). Conclusion: Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of morbidity contributor to maternal and neonatal in tertiary care centers. The age group of young primigravida women was more commonly affected, and significant maternal and fetal complications were observed. Early diagnosis, regular antenatal surveillance, prompt referral, and timely management are crucial to minimizing adverse outcomes. Improving maternal healthcare services and neonatal support services could potentially further contribute to the improvement of pregnancy outcomes in resource-limited settings.
Background: Hyperpigmented skin disorders are common dermatological conditions, particularly in populations with darker skin types, and have significant cosmetic and psychosocial impact. Aim: To analyze the prevalence and patterns of hyperpigmented skin disorders in a dermatology OPD. Methodology: A retrospective, hospital-based descriptive study was conducted over 8 months in the Department of Skin & VD, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. A total of 90 patients with clinically diagnosed hyperpigmented disorders were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of patients belonged to the 21–30 years age group (24.44%), with female predominance (57.78%). Melasma (28.89%) was the most common disorder, followed by post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (24.44%). The face was the most frequently affected site (44.44%). Most patients (31.11%) presented within 6 months of lesion onset. Conclusion: Hyperpigmented disorders are highly prevalent, especially among young females, with melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation being the most common. Early presentation and predominant facial involvement highlight the need for timely diagnosis and preventive strategies.
Background: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is a novel method of treating hemorrhoids that involves removing a circumferential strip of mucosa approximately 1.5 to 2 centimeters above the dentate line. The study's objective was to assess post-stapled hemorrhoidectomy sequelae. Methods: Grade 3 and grade 4 hemorrhoids were identified in 101 patients between the ages of 20 and 70. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy involves patients. The stapled hemorrhoidectomy procedures carried out between January and September of 2025 were the main focus of the inquiry. Using SPSS 24 software, descriptive analysis was conducted based on the student's T-test. A significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was established. Results: Out of 101 patients who experienced immediate (within one week) complications from a stapled hemorrhoidectomy over a 12-month period, 84.16% had none, 5.94% had severe pain, 3.96% had bleeding, 1.98% had thrombosis, 0.99% had urinary retention, 1.98% had anastomotic dehiscence, 0.99% had fissures, 0.99% had perineal intramural hematoma, and 0.99% had submucosal abscess. 90.09% had none, 1.98% had recurrent hemorrhoids, 0.99% had severe discomfort, stenosis, fissures, skin tags, thrombosis, and issues with staples, intramural abscesses, and intussusception. Conclusion: While stapled hemorrhoidectomy seems promising, we think that before the therapy can be recommended, a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing stapled hemorrhoidectomy and banding with a long-term follow-up is necessary. Following the anatomy of the rectal wall during the procedure can prevent most problems.
