Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam

This study presents a detailed investigation of Ni/Cu/Fe2O3:Bi2O3/n-GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) heterojunctions, focusing on their structural, chemical, and electrical properties. Fe2O3:Bi2O3 composite films were successfully deposited on n-GaN substrates, as confirmed by glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which verified the film’s crystallinity, composition, and the formation of a uniform insulating layer. XPS further confirmed the presence of key elements and proper interface formation between the metal electrodes and the semiconductor. Electrical measurements revealed that the MOS exhibited clear rectifying behavior with reduced leakage current compared to the conventional Schottky junction (SJ). Analysis of key parameters including Schottky barrier height (Φb), ideality factor (n), and series resistance (Rₛ) was conducted using multiple extraction methods (Cheung’s, F(V)–V, and ΨS–V), all showing good agreement. The forward I–V characteristics of both SJ and MOS HJs demonstrated ohmic behavior at lower voltage regions, transitioning to space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) at higher voltages. This transition confirms the influence of interface states and trap-assisted conduction in determining the electrical transport mechanism. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of Fe2O3:Bi2O3 nanocomposites as insulating layers in GaN-based MOS devices and underscore their potential for future optoelectronic applications.

This paper presents a new BCD adder is designed that selects either a normal result or an excess-6 result. Conventional BCD adders are constructed using two ripple-carry binary adders and additional correction logic. The performance of BCD adders can be enhanced by optimizing their internal binary adders. This paper proposes an optimized 4-bit Excess-6 select BCD adder (E6BCD) using a new Excess-6 Block (E6B) in the second stage. The second 4-bit binary adder is replaced with a new E6B, which reduces circuit complexity, transistor count, power dissipation, and delay. A novel E6BCD topology uses a 10:5 multiplexer that allows the selection of either a normal result (less than or equal to 9) or an excess-6 result based on the correction logic output fed to the selection line. All the proposed and existing designs were simulated and synthesized at 90 nm technology using cadence tools, that is, Innovus and Genus. By eliminating the binary adder and unnecessary addition, even if the result is less than or equal to 9, the proposed E6BCD outperforms the existing designs in terms of speed and power by 25% and 15%, respectively.

Women are the cornerstone of inclusive and sustainable economic development. However, for numerous women entrepreneurs in rural and semi-urban India, accessing government funds is still a challenge. Although numerous schemes are available, complex processes and low levels of digital literacy among women act as a deterrent. This paper evaluates a bilingual, AI-based platform called womenbizsupport.com, designed to bridge the gender gap in business by offering a simplified means to access information on funding. It matches women entrepreneurs to appropriate schemes, helps them understand the eligibility criteria, and guides through the application process. A total of 310 women in Tirupati District attended this structured training programme, followed by an evaluation prior to and subsequent to the training. The findings revealed improvements in digital literacy, KYC documentation, awareness of funding schemes, and preparation of structured business plans. The results also revealed that closing the gap between the policy intentions and access to finance requires managed development of skills.

The increasing interest in gut health has led to a surge in both Prebiotic and probiotic intake. While prebiotics are indigestible food elements that specifically promote the growth or activity of helpful microbes in the stomach, probiotics are the live bacteria that, when supplemented in adequate proportions, aids the host's wellness. The purpose of this investigation is to isolate and characterize probiotic bacteria from a fruits and vegetables peel, an underutilized food manufacturing byproduct. Native bacterial strains with probiotic potential, such as the capacity to withstand gastrointestinal disorders, suppress harmful bacteria, and satisfy fundamental safety standards for probiotic use, are found in fruit and vegetable peels. The peels from banana, orange, red apple, cucumber, and cabbage were collected under aseptic conditions. After homogenization, samples were serially diluted and cultured on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar, incubated anaerobically at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Isolated colonies were preliminarily screened by Gram staining and catalase testing. The isolated LAB strains were characterized based on their ability to survive under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and bacteriocin production optimization. This study successfully identified a several strains of lactic acid bacterial strains, which exhibited strong probiotic potential. Out of the four bacterial isolates, two strains exhibited survival at pH 1.5-2.0 and 1.5% bile salts, indicating strong acid-bile resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling confirmed sensitivity to most clinically relevant antibiotics, with no transferable resistance genes detected. Fruit and vegetable peels have the potential to be an affordable source for isolating probiotic bacteria.