State University of Vale do Acaraú

Rising global temperatures and the growing world population create a paradox that compromises food security and hinders efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of zero hunger and climate action by 2030 Agenda. Global-scale studies are necessary to assess climate change scenarios in the livestock industry. Meteorological data and adaptive responses of animals reared in different countries around the world were used to show that animals in the thermal environment of the Northern Hemisphere must display a wider range of thermoregulatory responses than animals in the Southern Hemisphere. Subsequently, future climate simulations were performed based on conservative IPCC RCP4.5 climate models to project the impact of climate change on physiological responses of sheep, goats, dairy and beef cattle, pigs, poultry and quails, and identify key traits to strengthen the adaptative response to future climatic conditions. Results showed that ruminant animals in the Northern Hemisphere will be most impacted by climate change in the three climate scenarios of 2050, 2075, and 2100, with a predicted increase in respiratory rate of up to 68 % compared to animals in the Southern Hemisphere. Ruminant animals reared in the Southern Hemisphere will increase their rectal temperature as an adaptive response to climate change. It was also found that dairy cattle farming will be the most susceptible activity to heat stress in the coming decades in the Southern Hemisphere, and goats and beef cattle are the animals that will be less impacted by climate change due to phenotypic plasticity. Quails and laying hens will be the most susceptible animals to climate change, with respiratory rates expected to increase by up to 40 beats per minute by 2100. It is concluded that the adoption of animal adaptability protocols is becoming an increasingly relevant topic in livestock production systems in the Northern Hemisphere, with ongoing efforts to develop breeds and lines of domestic animals more resistant to heat stress and diseases, especially using resources locally adapted to the conditions of the Southern Hemisphere, where strategies should be based on the selection and crossbreeding to increase animal production and ensure food security for the growing population by the end of the century. For the poultry industry, intensifying the production system is needed and urgent since animals will not withstand high temperatures in systems with no environmental enrichment strategies. Finally, the conservation of locally adapted genetic resources will be essential to preserve biodiversity, strengthen ecosystem resilience, and address food security challenges in the face of climate change.

Anxiety is characterized by persistent feelings of apprehension, worry and fear, which can lead to a significant reduction in quality of life and the development of other mental health conditions, such as depression. In this study, we investigated the effects of ibuprofen derivatives on anxiolytic and anticonvulsant behavior in an adult zebrafish model. In this study, we designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated new ibuprofen-derived acylhydrazones, integrating chemical synthesis, quantum chemical calculations, molecular docking and in vivo assays in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results demonstrated that ibuprofen was converted to its hydrazide and subsequently condensed with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde to obtain the chlorinated acylhydrazone (HDZI IBU Cl), with structures confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory calculations revealed a HOMO–LUMO gap of 4.405 eV (vacuum) and increased electrophilicity in polar media, indicating favorable electronic stability. In vivo, both hydrazide and HDZI IBU Cl (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) showed no acute toxicity (LC₅₀ > 1.0 mg/mL). In the light/dark test, both compounds significantly increased time spent in the light zone, indicating anxiolytic-like effects. In the PTZ-induced seizure model, HDZI IBU Cl (0.5 mg/mL) significantly delayed seizure stages. Flumazenil reversed the anticonvulsant effect, suggesting GABAA receptor involvement. Docking studies showed stable binding (RMSD < 2 Å) and favourable binding energies (− 7.5 to − 9.5 kcal/mol), comparable to reference ligands E2J, CWD, FLX. In 5-HT2C and 5-HT3A receptors, HDZI IBU Cl interacted mainly through hydrophobic contacts with key active-site residues, sharing similarities with co-crystallized inhibitors. For GABAA, it exhibited strong affinity (− 8.9 kcal/mol) and interactions like diazepam, including hydrophobic, hydrogen bond, and π-cation interactions, suggesting a comparable modulatory mechanism. These results provide a promising basis for the development of new anticonvulsants and anxiolytics based on ibuprofen derivatives, highlighting the importance of structural modifications in optimizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing cognitive side effects.

The high cost of nitrogen (N) fertilizers has increased interest in sustainable alternatives, such as inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, to improve forage production. This study evaluated the agronomic performance, yield, nutritional composition, and fermentation profile of giant sorghum silage from crops inoculated with A. brasilense under different N rates. A randomized block design was adopted in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with five N rates (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1) and the presence or absence of A. brasilense inoculation, with four replicates. Nitrogen rates significantly affected plant height and stem diameter, with maximum values observed at 200 kg ha-1 N. An interaction between inoculation and N rates was detected for first-cycle yield, in which inoculated plants showed reduced productivity at 200 and 400 kg ha-1 N. Total yield was higher in non-inoculated treatments and was maximized at 200 kg ha-1 N, representing a 29.42% increase compared with the unfertilized control. Crude protein concentration increased with increasing N rates, while in vitro dry matter digestibility was influenced only by N fertilization. Inoculation did not improve agronomic performance and negatively affected yield at higher N rates, although both inoculation and N fertilization influenced protein and fiber contents of sorghum silage. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian Amazon, A. brasilense inoculation is not recommended for giant sorghum cultivation, whereas the application of 200 kg ha-1 N was the most effective strategy to maximize yield.

This study sought to analyze a theoretical-logical model of the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy of Health Promotion (PNPS, acronym in Portuguese) via an Evaluability Assessment (EA). Data were collected from 2022 to 2023. The scenario involved nine states, the Federal District, and 48 municipalities. In total, 291 documents and 276 key informants were searched. A Theoretical-Logical Model (TLM, an EA product) was elaborated and validated in five regional workshops with 112 participants. Due to its complexity, the PNPS requires a TLM with an imaging representation unlike that of conventional TLM (which have a unidirectional sequence). The chosen TLM evinced the principles, values, guidelines, components, activities, and resources in the implementation of the PNPS across Brazil. The discussion of the results has four sections: the problem and the confluences that structure the PNPS (problem and context); inspirations and directionalities in implementing the PNPS (principles, values, and guidelines), subsidies and movements that materialized the PNPS (physical, organizational, and symbolic resources), and the PNPS outcomes and strengths: between what is and what comes to be (activities, actions, results, monitoring, and evaluation). The results show the institutionalization of the PNPS by local policies and actions aimed at chronic noncommunicable diseases. Monitoring and Evaluation showed no specific indicators, evincing the need to invest in them within the PNPS. Despite no indicators, the impact of the interactions between the elements that make up the PNPS implementation design may meet the needs of the original problem. The PNPS includes articulation with other policies.

INTRODUCTION:The Nipah virus (NiV) belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is a zoonotic pathogen associated with severe respiratory disease and encephalitis. Fatality rates of up to 70% of diagnosed cases justify its classification as a biosafety level-4 agent. The absence of specific antiviral therapies underscores the urgent need to identify novel molecular inhibitors. METHODS:This study involved the virtual screening of natural limonoids using molecular docking against the NiV glycoprotein, which is a key target in the adhesion of the virus to human host cells. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability of the protein- ligand complexes. RESULTS:Molecular docking results showed that desacetylspathelin (DSP) and nimolicinol (NCL) had the most favourable binding free energy (ΔG) values and relevant interactions with residue Leu124. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed greater structural stability for the DSP-containing complex. DISCUSSION:The observed interaction profiles suggest that these limonoids, particularly DSP, may interact with the NiV glycoprotein, suggesting a possible influence on virus-host adhesion mechanisms. CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that natural limonoids, particularly DSP, are promising candidates for further investigation as potential Nipah virus glycoprotein modulators/inhibitors and could contribute to the development of antiviral strategies.