Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University

Due to supply chain disruptions and investor concerns over operational risks, geopolitical tensions, and wars, the gas stock market is volatile, with abrupt price spikes and dramatic value swings. This chapter employs a systematic review. The study shows that energy companies, especially in gas markets, often adopt accelerated communication strategies, which can raise conflict-of-interest issues as they weigh public announcements about suspending operations or ethical divestment against market reputation and short-term shareholder demands. CSR generally prioritizes long-term sustainability, but during conflict, it often reacts to ethical hazards and public scrutiny. Crisis communications affect investor behavior; proactive and truthful disclosures can temper market movements, whereas sudden or opaque replies may increase volatility. As investors increasingly factor in corporate CSR authenticity and governance quality when valuing companies in unstable geopolitical regions, gas stock markets are influenced by both physical supply constraints and these factors.

Aging, stress-related disorders, and chronic disease are often examined across separate domains-stress physiology, nutrition, psychiatry, and geroscience-despite converging on shared phenotypes of functional decline and reduced resilience. Although adaptive responses to stress are well characterized, why comparable exposures yield sustained resilience in some individuals but progressive dysfunction in others remains insufficiently explained. We propose that the missing unifying constraint is not stress exposure itself, but the bioenergetic capacity to complete recovery. We reframe stress adaptation as a cyclical process comprising response, adaptation, and recovery, emphasizing that recovery is an active, ATP-dependent phase conditionally funded within a finite bioenergetic system. When mitochondrial processing capacity and redox flexibility are constrained, adaptive programs may persist beyond their functional window, contributing to mitochondrial congestion, epigenetic gridlock, and progressive loss of physiological plasticity-even in the absence of overt pathology. Within this perspective, we introduce Exposure-Related Malnutrition (ERM) as a proposed conceptual model describing a clinically interpretable and potentially reversible phenotype of unresolved bioenergetic triage. ERM is proposed to describe a state of relative undernutrition arising from chronic mismatch between energetic demand and recovery capacity, often occurring despite nominal intake and laboratory values within reference ranges. Distinct from frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia, metabolic syndrome, and classical malnutrition, ERM may reflect an upstream constraint in ATP-dependent recovery rather than structural loss, inflammatory wasting, metabolic thresholds, or inadequate intake. By integrating evolutionary allocation theory, developmental calibration, stress physiology, and mitochondrial mechanics, ERM is proposed to offer a unifying integrative framework for functional decline across aging and chronic disease. Clinically, this perspective shifts risk assessment from isolated thresholds toward coordinated biomarker patterns, trajectories, and recovery kinetics, potentially enabling recognition of vulnerability before incomplete resolution consolidates into irreversible pathology. We further outline translational implications of a recovery-centered approach, positioning mitochondrial processing capacity and intercellular bioenergetic support as modifiable determinants of long-term resilience.

This qualitative study examines the sustainability dimensions of organizational practices, focusing on total quality management (TQM), green supply chain management (GSCM), and their impact on firm performance (FP), interpreted through the lens of absorptive capacity theory (ACAP). The study includes ten participants from both local and foreign companies in Thailand, representing organizations with and without ISO 14001 certification. Data were analyzed using NVivo 12 through thematic coding and theme development to provide insights into organizational factors influencing sustainability outcomes. The findings show that sustainabilityoriented practices strongly influence the adoption of circular economy practices (CEP), TQM, and GSCM, all of which contribute to improved firm performance. Market demands and customer expectations were identified as key drivers encouraging both local and foreign firms to adopt sustainability initiatives. However, limited financial resources and high costs remain major barriers, especially for implementing circular economy practices. ISO 14001 certification emerged as an important differentiating factor. Certified firms demonstrated more structured and formalized practices, particularly in sourcing green materials, conducting supplier audits, and monitoring carbon emissions. These practices reflect a stronger environmental focus and alignment with regulatory and stakeholder requirements. Both Thai and foreign firms indicated that their sustainability strategies are influenced by internal goals as well as external pressures, such as government regulations and community expectations. Overall, the study suggests that while sustainability practices are widely adopted, their effectiveness and consistency depend on ISO 14001 certification, financial capacity, and the broader regulatory environment.

The repellent activities (Periplaneta americana) of lone and binary mixtures of terpenoids—geranial, trans-anethole, and trans-cinnamaldehyde—against adult American cockroaches were evaluated in this study. The respective efficacies of these mixtures were compared with that of 12% (w/w) DEET. Safety bioassays for all formulations on non-target species, namely, earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) and guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata), were conducted to identify natural compounds with repellent efficacy equal to or surpassing that of DEET while ensuring ecological safety for non-target organisms such as fish and earthworms. All mixtures (RC50 of 0.3 to 1.6 µL/cm3) were more effective than all lone terpenoids (RC50 of 6.2 to 9.1 µL/cm3) and DEET (RC50 of 3.0 µL/cm3), demonstrating strong synergy, with an increased repellent value (IV) of 79 to 96%. The strongest repellency, 98.0% at 72 h and an RC50 of 0.3 µL/cm3, was achieved using geranial + trans-cinnamaldehyde (1:1). This mixture was 5.9 to 10 times more effective as a repellent than DEET. The toxicity of every lone terpenoid and terpenoid mixture to non-target species was low; hence, these mixtures can be considered safe, whereas DEET was highly toxic to non-target species (100% mortality). The terpenoid mixture geranial + trans-cinnamaldehyde showed strong repellency against P. americana.

Chronic stress has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired telomere maintenance, yet the mechanistic relationships connecting these pathways in humans remain poorly resolved. Using longitudinal findings from the Guillén-Parra cohort as a motivating human example, this Perspective offers a reinterpreted framework that proposes a unifying energetic interpretation in which bioenergetic insufficiency—defined as a mismatch between stress-induced energetic demand and mitochondrial throughout—rather than accumulated molecular damage, forms the upstream constraint linking stress physiology, mitochondrial performance, and telomerase regulation. In this cohort, lower baseline mitochondrial energetic capacity predicted greater longitudinal declines in telomerase activity, while telomere length remained stable across the short observation window, supporting the view that telomerase activity represents an early, energy-sensitive marker of unresolved stress adaptation, whereas telomere shortening is a delayed structural consequence. Interpreted within the Exposure-Related Malnutrition (ERM) framework, these patterns suggest that repeated activation of stress-response pathways without adequate metabolic recovery limits mitochondrial throughput and progressively compromises genome maintenance. In contrast, repeated exposure to mild stressors followed by sufficient recovery promotes adaptive strengthening of mitochondrial function and telomeric maintenance, consistent with physiological hormesis. We outline a roadmap integrating telomerase activity with dynamic indices of mitochondrial and redox function, including NAD⁺ availability, and emerging biomarkers of systemic energetic strain, such as circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA and GDF15. By reframing aging phenotypes as early-stage failures of energetic resolution, this model highlights modifiable windows of vulnerability and hormesis-informed strategies—including exercise-induced adaptive stress, circadian alignment, and nutritional sufficiency—as actionable pathways for preserving mitochondrial resilience and telomere maintenance.