Public management faces increasingly complex issues requiring collaborative innovation. Within the new public governance paradigm, co-creation involves multiple stakeholders combining resources and expertise. Open-source/hybrid platforms, with greater transparency and inclusivity than general digital platforms - offer promising tools for digital collaboration. However, their use and impact in digital public service co-creation remains limited. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this systematic literature review examines how digital public services are co-created through open-source-based/hybrid platforms. This review synthesises existing cases to identify platform characteristics, public value outcomes, stakeholder participation, and broader societal effects. From the initial screening of 1857 publications, 17 were included. The analysis reveals that these platforms foster collaboration, transparency, and inclusive innovation, with evidence of public value creation and positive social outcomes. Challenges persist, including digital literacy, technological readiness, organisational inertia, and sustainable engagement. Future research should examine these barriers, governance models, stakeholders' motivations, and emerging dimensions such as using artificial intelligence in co-creation ecosystems.
The effectiveness of group and online learning environments has been widely recognized. Hence, supporting teachers monitoring of group activities in online learning environments is increasingly important. In this study, we propose algorithms for analyzing discussion transitions and their main themes. The first algorithm aims to help teachers quickly identify groups that require intervention. It uses entities and Wikipedia data in the discussion texts to create models that capture continuously changing discussion content over time. The second algorithm aims to instantaneously identify the discussion topic of the group prior to teacher intervention. From the Wikipedia categories obtained regarding discussion transition analysis, the algorithm selects those with the highest probability of being appropriate for the discussion text. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, we tested them on the W2E dataset, which includes topics comprising multiple events, and an actual discussion dataset. The results confirmed that the algorithms detected the discussion transitions and main themes with high accuracies.
The present study aims to explore the extent to which linguistic experience in the transferred language modulates the rate of grammatical development in third language (L3) acquisition. To do so, we test a group of Japanese–English bilinguals ( n = 22) who were acquiring Spanish as their third language. Participants were tested at two different time points on their knowledge of negative concord items in L3 Spanish and first language (L1) Japanese, and negative quantifiers in second language (L2) English, using a grammaticality judgement task. Participants were first tested (TIME 1) after 2.5 months of intensive classroom instruction exposure in Spanish (96 hours) and tested again (TIME 2) after 10 months in Spanish only with around 800 hours of accumulated classroom exposure. TIME 1 results showed that participants treated Spanish negative concord items similarly to English negative quantifiers, suggesting evidence of English transfer at the initial stages of acquisition. TIME 2 results showed traces of development that were modulated by linguistic experience in the transferred language, as predicted by the cumulative input threshold hypothesis (CITH). TIME 2 results also show instances of both target-like and non-target-like development in L3 Spanish, which we attribute to subsequent influence from Japanese into Spanish throughout development.
The effects of birth order is an interesting topic in economics research. Most studies have used data from developed countries to show the adverse effects of birth order, demonstrating that individuals with higher birth orders are likelier to have lower educational attainment and earnings. Furthermore, studies have revealed adverse effects on other outcomes, such as health, intelligence, and intergenerational effects. However, the relationship of birth order with other household members, such as spouses, has not been investigated. Hence, this study assesses the association between the husband’s position in the birth order and their spouse’s “subjective well-being.” In particular, we examine how marrying the eldest son in a family relates to a woman’s happiness using data from the Japanese General Social Surveys. Our results reveal four findings. First, the wives of eldest sons are less happy than those of second or younger sons. Second, the lower happiness from marrying the oldest son is more pronounced for women in more recent birth cohorts (i.e., born in the 1970s and after) and those who marry the eldest son with no siblings. Third, married eldest sons are likelier to take responsibility for caring for their aging parents and help them with their housework. Fourth, unlike the wives of second or younger sons, wives of eldest sons show no difference in their preferences for work and parenting.
Despite riddles, mysteries, and enigmas the theory of elementary particles has not changed for 50 years. We argue that the current paradigm – Wilsonian quantum field theory – is inadequate for resolving the puzzles, and should be replaced by a new paradigm based on the Holographic Principle. We show how a simplified but still very rich standard model emerges from de Sitter holography in the flat-space limit and explain why the puzzle of huge quantum corrections to the cosmological constant simply does not occur in the holographic paradigm.
