Liquid Sb and Bi are two pnictogens whose structure factors show the Friedel shoulder characteristic of nonsimple liquid metals. We compute their shear viscosity with a static, pairwise pipeline, a Bretonnet–Silbert (BS) pseudopotential with Rice–Allnatt transport theory. The main result is component resolved: the soft-tail contribution accounts for 54%–59% of the viscosity yet supplies little of its measured temperature dependence. The calculation runs from each melting point to at least 500K above it, uses five local-field corrections and the Zahid parameters, and resolves the temperature gradient |dη/dT| into kinetic, hard-core, and soft-tail components. The calculated gradient is systematically too weak: η is underestimated at the melting point (−16% for Sb, −32% for Bi) and overestimated at high temperature. Because ηs is an integral over g(r), replacing the hard-sphere form gHS(r) with a modified hypernetted-chain (MHNC) one changes ηs by −2 to ＋21%, but does not recover the gradient; nor does varying the pseudopotential parameters across the BS physical window, so no single tested ingredient accounts for it. The local-field correction changes η by only 3%–4%, an order of magnitude less than the spread from the non-unique BS parameters; the ab initio molecular-dynamics data are too sparse to test the gradient. These results delimit the static, pairwise framework for Sb and Bi and identify the component that such dynamic, many-body, or screening extensions need to address.
Theatrical art communicates emotions and advances stage narratives through dialogue, physical movements, and facial expressions. The incorporation of dynamic lighting and shadow effects enhances the visual impact of performances while significantly enriching the emotional expression of stage storytelling. In this article, three pyrene-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens (Py-CF3, Py-CN, and Py-NO2) have been synthesized for theatrical performance scenarios. These compounds show typical AIE behavior along with mechanochromic properties. Thanks to their bright solid-state luminescence, these compounds work well for latent fingermark visualization and can be used as covert luminescent inks. Moreover, when applied to theatrical props and activated by UV light, they produce glowing handprints on stage, offering a symbolic way to convey emotional memory. Overall, this work shows that terminal substituent engineering is an effective strategy for tuning the aggregated-state photophysics of pyrene-based materials, helping to bridge functional luminescent compounds with forensic and artistic applications.
Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising building blocks for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices, yet reliable and stable doping, particularly n type, remains challenging due to strong environmental sensitivity and competing extrinsic effects. Encapsulation of charge transfer molecules within the SWCNT cavity offers a promising route to stable doping while preserving the nanotubes outer surface for subsequent processing. Here, we systematically investigate the filling of arc discharge SWCNTs with the electron donor tetrathiafulvalene and electron acceptor tetracyanoquinodimethane, comparing different methods for filling, including melt filling, solution reflux, and vacuum phase sublimation. We follow the entire processing workflow from raw, unfilled powders to aqueous dispersions and employ density gradient ultracentrifugation to separate filled from empty nanotubes as well as metallic from semiconducting ones. Encapsulation efficiency and electronic modification are assessed using absorption spectroscopy, resonant Raman scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Finally, we introduce a complementary vacuum-phase method that removes externally adsorbed molecules without extensive solvent washing, enabling cleaner encapsulated systems.
Hydrogenation offers a versatile route to tuning the physical properties of intermetallic compounds. In this study, we synthesized CoZr2Hx with different hydrogen contents and found that hydrogen is incorporated in two distinct concentration regimes separated by a wide composition gap: a low-concentration hydrogenated superconducting phase (x = 0−0.054) and a high-concentration hydrogenated ferromagnetic phase (x = 2.786). Hydrogen plays fundamentally different roles in the two concentration regimes. In the high hydrogen concentration phase, the Zr-H interactions substantially modify the metallic bands crossing the Fermi level, leading to the emergence of ferromagnetism. In contrast, in the low hydrogen concentration phase, hydrogen behaves as a nonmagnetic impurity without altering the electronic band structure. Despite the nearly identical Debye temperatures across the low-concentration series, the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) is progressively suppressed with increasing hydrogen content. The observed Tc suppression is consistent with the Abrikosov–Gor'kov pair-breaking theory, indicating that the superconducting state of CoZr2 deviates from the ideal Anderson-theorem limit of a single-band isotropic s-wave superconductor.
