The Tanzania National Parks Authority commonly known as TANAPA is responsible for the management of Tanzania's national parks. TANAPA is a parastatal corporation and all its income is reinvested into the organization. It is governed by a number of instruments including the National Parks Act, Chapter 282 of the 2002 and the Wildlife Conservation Act No. 5 of 2009. TANAPA manages the nation's 22 National parks which covers approximately 15% of the land area and has the mandate to conserve and manage the wildlife in Tanzania, and to enforce the related laws and regulations in this industry. It manages the biodiversity of the country, protecting and conserving the flora and fauna. The organization does not have a mandate over the game reserves such as the Selous Game Reserve which is managed by the Tanzanian Wildlife Division and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area managed by the Ngorongoro Conservation Authority.The Arusha Manifesto gave the initial foundation for the expansion of the Tanzanian National Park authority and an increase in protected areas in the country, as of December 2015 parks, reserves and conservation areas cover about 14% percent of the land. Currently TANAPA is governed by the National Parks Ordinance Chapter 282 of the 2002 and manages 22 national parks.
Mountain regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Yet, little is known about local adaptation responses in African mountain regions, especially if these are incremental or transformational. First, using household questionnaires, we interviewed 1,500 farmers across ten African mountain regions to investigate perceived climate change impacts and adaptation responses. Second, through a reflective process involving all co-authors, we identified: (1) main constraints and opportunities for adaptation, and (2) if adaptation was incremental or transformational. Questionnaire data show that farmers in all sites perceive multiple impacts, and that they mostly respond by intensifying farming practices and using off-farm labour. We established that, while several constraints were shared across sites, others were context specific; and that adaptation was mostly incremental, but that certain attributes (for example, social capital) made three sites in East Africa slightly more transformational. Climate change is impacting mountain regions and the agricultural livelihood of residents, and will continue to do so. In this study, the authors survey farmers in ten African mountain regions to understand their perceptions of climate change impacts and identify adaptation opportunities and constraints.
Fluctuations in construction material prices significantly challenge infrastructure project management, especially in Indonesia’s national toll road sector from 2023 to 2025. Employing a quantitative approach with purposive sampling of National Strategic Toll Road Projects (PSN), this study investigates the impact of price volatility for core materials (cement, steel, and asphalt) on project cost overruns. The analysis utilizes dual-source data: secondary data from the official Wholesale Price Index (WPI) published by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and budget realization data from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR)/BPJT. Advanced analytical methods, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to establish causal relationships and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) to develop a predictive model, reveal strong positive correlations between material price fluctuations and cost increases, with steel price volatility having the most pronounced effect. Empirical findings show cement prices increased by approximately 12.5% and steel by 15.3%, leading to cost overruns contributing up to 21% additional project costs. High reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.89) and data validity support these findings. Practical implications include the need for real-time price monitoring, adaptive budgeting with contingency funds of 20–25%, flexible procurement contracts, and digital tools like Building Information Modeling for risk mitigation. This research bridges macroeconomic volatility and engineering practice by offering an actionable predictive framework to support fiscal integrity and timely project delivery. Further research should incorporate socio-political variables and enhance predictive analytics using big data.
This study examines students' awareness of cultural differences in classroom communication, focusing on verbal and nonverbal aspects. The study uses a quantitative descriptive design, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to elementary school teacher education students from diverse cultural backgrounds. The results of the study indicate that students have a high level of cultural awareness, particularly in recognizing variations in speaking styles, questioning patterns, gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact across cultures. The findings also indicate that students who have previous multicultural learning experiences have a higher level of awareness compared to those who do not have such experiences. These results suggest that cross-cultural experiences play an important role in shaping students' understanding of communication diversity in academic settings. Overall, this study underscores the importance of promoting intercultural awareness in university classrooms to support more effective and respectful communication. Future research is recommended to use qualitative approaches for a deeper exploration of the dynamics of intercultural interactions.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon fisiologis beberapa genotipe padi lokal Gorontalo terhadap cekaman kekeringan yang disimulasikan menggunakan larutan Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) pada fase perkecambahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial, terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu genotipe padi (Temo, Maraya, Pulo Kuku, Pulo Merah, Sonu, Ponda, dan Sina) serta konsentrasi PEG-6000 (0, 12,5, dan 25 g L⁻¹), masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi daya kecambah, laju perkecambahan, indeks kecepatan perkecambahan, indeks vigor, panjang plumula, panjang akar, dan indeks sensitivitas stres (SSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi PEG berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pertumbuhan awal benih. Penurunan potensial air akibat PEG menghambat proses imbibisi dan aktivitas metabolik benih, sehingga menurunkan daya kecambah dan vigor. Respons antar genotipe bervariasi, yang mencerminkan perbedaan kemampuan adaptasi fisiologis terhadap cekaman osmotik. Berdasarkan nilai SSI, genotipe Maraya dan Ponda dikategorikan sebagai toleran terhadap kekeringan, Pulo Kuku tergolong sedang, sedangkan Temo, Sonu, Pulo Merah, dan Sina termasuk sensitif. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik yang potensial untuk digunakan sebagai bahan dasar dalam program pemuliaan padi lokal toleran kekeringan di wilayah Gorontalo.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) sebagai bahan pengental alami terhadap mutu saus tomat yang dihasilkan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor perlakuan berupa pambahan bubur ubi jalar ungu kukus ke dalam bubur tomat, terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu A = 5%, B = 10% dan C = 15%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar vitamin C, Kadar pH, Kekentalan (Operating Instructioo/viskometer), Total padatan terlarut, Uji organoleptic (warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bubur ubi jalar ungu tidak mempengaruhi kadar vitamin C tetapi sangat berpengaruh terdapat kadar pH, kadar kekentalan dan kadar total padatan terlarut yang dihasilkan. Uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesukaan panelis berada pada kategori agak suka hingga suka dengan nilai 2,76–3,76, dan perlakuan penambahan ubi jalar ungu 15% menghasilkan tingkat kesukaan tertinggi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pati ubi jalar ungu berpotensi digunakan sebagai alternatif pengental alami yang mampu meningkatkan mutu fisik dan penerimaan konsumen terhadap saus tomat.
