Jamshedpur (/ˈdʒæmʃɛdpʊər/, Hindi: [dʒəmˈʃeːdpʊr] (listen)) or Tatanagar is the largest and most populous city in Jharkhand and first planned industrial city in India. It was ranked as the cleanest city of India in the year 2019.It was founded by Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata Group, and was named after him. It was established in 1919.Jamshedpur was ranked as the cleanest city of India in 2020 by Swach Survekshan in 2020. Jamshedpur was ranked the 7th cleanest city of India in 2010. The city is also ranked as 2nd in India in terms of quality of life.[citation needed] Jamshedpur is the 84th fastest growing city in the world according to City Mayors Foundation. It is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and is the 36th – largest urban agglomeration and 72nd largest city in India by population. It is one of the first Smart Cities in India along with Naya Raipur.
Background: Reporting and Data Systems (RADS) standardize radiology risk communication but automated RADS assignment from narrative reports is challenging because of guideline complexity, output-format constraints, and limited benchmarking across RADS frameworks and model sizes. Purpose: To create RXL-RADSet, a radiologist-verified synthetic multi-RADS benchmark, and compare validity and accuracy of open-weight small language models (SLMs) with a proprietary model for RADS assignment. Materials and Methods: RXL-RADSet contains 1,600 synthetic radiology reports across 10 RADS (BI-RADS, CAD-RADS, GB-RADS, LI-RADS, Lung-RADS, NI-RADS, O-RADS, PI-RADS, TI-RADS, VI-RADS) and multiple modalities. Reports were generated by LLMs using scenario plans and simulated radiologist styles and underwent two-stage radiologist verification. We evaluated 41 quantized SLMs (12 families, 0.135-32B parameters) and GPT-5.2 under a fixed guided prompt. Primary endpoints were validity and accuracy; a secondary analysis compared guided versus zero-shot prompting. Results: Under guided prompting GPT-5.2 achieved 99.8
The present study aimed to examine intelligence, working memory, and processing speed among patients with schizophrenia, alcohol-induced psychosis, and normal controls. A total of 60 male participants aged between 18 and 45 years were included, comprising 20 patients with schizophrenia, 20 patients with alcohol-induced psychosis diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria, and 20 normal controls screened using the general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Purposive sampling was employed, and participants were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a semi-structured socio-demographic and clinical data sheet, the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire (SADQ), raven's standard progressive matrices (RSPM), and the working memory index and processing speed index of the WAIS-III. Statistical analyses were conducted using spss (version 20), including descriptive statistics, anova, chi-square tests, and spearman correlation. The findings revealed significant differences among the three groups in intelligence, working memory, and processing speed (p ≤ .001). Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated the lowest levels of intelligence, followed by those with alcohol-induced psychosis, while normal controls showed average levels. Both clinical groups exhibited extremely low working memory and processing speed compared to the control group. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed among intelligence, working memory, and processing speed, indicating their interrelated nature. The study highlights the presence of marked cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and alcohol-induced psychosis, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. These findings have important implications for differential diagnosis and the development of targeted cognitive rehabilitation and intervention strategies.
Spindle cell malignancies of the oral cavity are uncommon and pose considerable diagnostic challenges due to overlapping histomorphology and immunohistochemical features. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with heterologous differentiation is particularly rare. Moreover, its coexistence with a synchronous hematological malignancy such as small cell lymphoma (SLL) is exceedingly unusual. A male 62 year, presented with a progressively enlarging, pigmented, ulcero-proliferative painless mass over the right upper alveolus extending to the hard palate. Imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass with cervical lymphadenopathy. Initial punch biopsy suggested fibroma/low-grade spindle cell neoplasm, but frozen biopsy raised the suspicion of malignant melanoma or spindle cell sarcoma. The patient underwent right upper alveolectomy with bilateral modified radical neck nodal dissection (MRND). Histopathological evaluation revealed spindle cell morphology with heterologous melanin pigmentation, favoring MPNST with dedifferentiation. Extensive nodal dissection (134 lymph nodes) revealed small cell lymphoma (SLL, stage I) in a few nodes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed a dual primary malignancy -MPNST with rhabdomyoblastic and smooth muscle differentiation coexisting with SLL. This case illustrates the uniqueness of synchronous dual malignancies involving MPNST and SLL, a combination rarely documented in the oral cavity. The diagnostic challenge lay in distinguishing spindle cell malignancies with overlapping features, requiring multidisciplinary approach and IHC testing. The patient was managed with complete surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy (60 Gy/30 Fractions), with no evidence of systemic lymphoma or metastasis. for six weeks. At two yrs follow up, the patient remained disease free, highlighting the favorable outcome despite the complexity of diagnosis.
India reports very high biochemical vitamin D deficiency when global cut-offs are applied, yet the corresponding disease burden appears low. Whether current thresholds are appropriate for Indian populations, therefore, remains uncertain. In this review, we aimed to systematically analyze the literature on vitamin D and non-skeletal outcomes and critically evaluate whether current deficiency thresholds are appropriate for India. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases (Jan 1, 2010, to Feb 29, 2024), focusing on randomized trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and observational studies addressing vitamin D and disease outcomes. Indian-specific modifiers, including sunlight, skin pigmentation, calcium intake, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) sensitivity, were analyzed. Two reviewers independently screened records, assessed risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) for RCTs and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies), and performed a narrative synthesis, with prespecified quantitative pooling conducted when studies were homogeneous. Out of 22,435 records, 78 studies were included. High-quality RCTs (VITAL, D-Health) consistently showed no benefit from supplementation for non-skeletal outcomes. Indian prevalence data, using a <20 ng/mL threshold, revealed high "deficiency" rates but minimal clinical disease. PTH-calcium studies from India indicated that 25(OH)D levels >12 ng/mL are sufficient to maintain normocalcemia and suppress secondary hyperparathyroidism, thereby questioning the validity of global thresholds. Global cut-offs have therefore created an inflated burden of vitamin D deficiency in India. Thresholds must be recalibrated using Indian outcome-linked data, not extrapolated norms. Evidence suggests that a threshold of 12 ng/mL is more physiologically valid for Indian populations. Mass screening and supplementation in asymptomatic populations should therefore be discouraged.
GM1 gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic GLB1 variants that impair β-galactosidase activity, resulting in GM1 ganglioside accumulation. The infantile (type I) form is the most severe. We describe the case of a one-year-old girl born to consanguineous parents who presented with developmental regression, hypotonia, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, macular cherry-red spots, Mongolian spots, and sensorineural hearing loss. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous GLB1 variant, NM_000404.4:c.1525T>A (p.Trp509Arg), absent from population databases and predicted deleterious by in silico tools. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, it is classified as a variant of uncertain significance, though the phenotype-genotype match suggests pathogenicity. This case broadens the GLB1 mutational spectrum and underscores the value of early genetic testing for diagnosis, counseling, and management.
