King Saud Medical City (KSMC), also known as Shemaisi Hospital, is a large public referral hospital and Level 1 Trauma Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was founded in 1956 and is one of the largest tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia, with a total bed capacity of 1,500 including 200 ICU beds. The 102-bed emergency department is the busiest in the country, and the hospital serves as the largest referral center in Saudi Arabia for Orthopedic surgery, Trauma surgery and Neurosurgery. It is part of the first healthcare cluster in the city of Riyadh, and currently employs 9,200 healthcare personnel. The hospital has a tremendously high patient turnover, both outpatient and inpatient, and conducted over 20,000 surgical procedures in 2019 alone.KSMC is also one of the largest medical education, training and research centers in Saudi Arabia, with postgraduate residency and specialist training programs in medicine and surgical subspecialties as well as multiple medical school affiliations.The medical complex itself houses the General Hospital, as well as the Pediatric Hospital, Maternity Hospital, Dental Center and the King Fahad Charity Kidney Center. KSMC’s core competencies are Emergency Care, Trauma, Orthopedics, Burn Care, Bariatric Surgery, Dental Care and Critical Care.
This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with erosive tooth wear (ETW) among the adult population. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination index, which assesses the severity of ETW in six sextants of the oral cavity. The risk factors for ETW included: (1) socio-demographic characteristics, (2) general health conditions, (3) vitamin C consumption, (4) beverage consumption, (5) acidic foods and drinks, (6) dairy products, (7) use of fluoridated mouthwashes and toothpastes, and (8) type of toothbrush. A one-way ANOVA test and an independent sample t-test were used; a p-value of 0.05 was considered the threshold for statistical significance. A total of 312 participants were included; 174 (55.8
ABSTRACT Heterogeneous reservoirs, especially shaly formations, are challenging in reservoir characterization. Porosity and fluid distribution vary in both vertical and lateral directions. High‐resolution oil‐based mud (OBM) conductivity images are commonly acquired to help to reveal formation conductivity heterogeneities, azimuthally and vertically. With calibrated formation conductivity from the conductivity images, water‐filled porosity () 2D images may be obtained by using Archie type models, provided formation shaliness, water salinity and Archie parameters are given. In megahertz electromagnetic (EM) wave frequencies where the OBM imager is operating, porous rock interfacial polarization is very complex. Factors such as water‐filled porosity (), water salinity, water phase tortuosity () and the connection of the pores interact among themselves non‐linearly and all contribute to the overall responses of rock conductivity and dielectric permittivity. For example, for the same , higher will result in a decrease in rock conductivity. This can be confusing with a decrease in if rock dielectric permittivity is not taken into consideration. This non‐linear interaction among the rock parameters is not captured by the Archie model properly, especially in complex pore systems with high interfacial polarization such as in carbonate and shaly rock types. The latest generation of OBM imager can derive both conductivity and permittivity images. However, due to the lack of quantitative characterization, use of those images is greatly limited to relative image feature identification and extraction. In this article, for the first time, we provide a multi‐kernel electrical image quantification scheme and develop a workflow to derive and images, in 2D, independent of the Archie model. The workflow takes advantage of a high‐resolution pad‐based conductivity and permittivity imager, which operates at tens of megahertz, and a multifrequency dielectric tool, which operates at a wide range of frequencies ranging from tens of megahertz up to gigahertz. The OBM imager can provide high‐resolution conductivity and dielectric permittivity 2D images through advanced inversion processing, once the following challenges below are resolved: Understand rock responses at tens of megahertz and identify key constraint rock parameter configurations for deriving 2D images of and . Characterize the OBM imager processing bias and its impact on the dielectric rock model inversion. Evaluate compatibility between the OBM imager and the multifrequency dielectric tool data that provide the key rock parameters. To quantify the OBM imager processing, a multi‐kernel method is used on synthetic rocks covering a wide range of rock parameters. Exploratory data analysis is applied to better understand the relationships between rock parameters and OBM imager processing bias and its impact on dielectric rock model inversion. Uncertainty study is used to identify key rock parameters in deriving and images at the imager's frequency. The synthetic data results are further verified on the laboratory core plugs. This workflow is generic in clean formation and can apply to all the rock resistivity ranges, including resistivity below 1 ohm m.
To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-10 (LURN SI-10) questionnaire for assessing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs) in Arabic-speaking patients. The LURN SI-10 was translated into Arabic following the Patient-Reported Outcome Consortium guidelines, with back-translation and a pilot study among 15 patients for clarity. The Arabic version of LURN-SI 10, and the validated Arabic versions of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) questionnaires were administered for patients with LUTs. Reliability, internal consistency and concurrent validity of LURN-SI 10 were established. From October 2024 to February 2025, 186 patients with LUTS were enrolled. The Arabic LURN SI-10 demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.8; all subdomains > 0.7). Significant positive correlations were found between LURN SI-10 with IPSS (r = 0.780, 0.833, 0.683, p < 0.001) and ICIQ-OAB (r = 0.730, 0.768, 0.674 p < 0.001) for all patients, males and females respectively. Frequency, urgency, nocturia, and weak stream domains of LURN SI-10 correlated significantly with their IPSS counterparts. Frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) correlated with ICIQ-OAB domains. Significant positive correlations were noted between pain, urgency, and other domains, including post-void dribbling (PVD), bladder pain, and bother. The Arabic LURN SI-10 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing LUTs, showing strong correlations with IPSS and ICIQ-OAB. The comprehensive assessment of PVD, UUI, stress urinary incontinence, and bladder pain enhances its utility over IPSS for both male and female patients with LUTS.
Background: Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a rare form of endometriosis that often results in cyclic abdominal pain. The current treatment algorithm for AWE is not well established. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging technique that shows promise in treating AWE. Objective: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided RFA for patients with AWE at the Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2020 and January 2024. Methods: Forty-two female patients with pathologically confirmed AWE who underwent US-guided RFA were included in the study. Lesions were assessed radiologically before the procedure using abdominal US, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months after the intervention, with MRI used to evaluate lesion response. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on symptom relief, lesion volume reduction, and complication rates during the follow-up period. Results: Patient ages ranged from 28 to 52 years, with a median age of 42 years. All patients had a history of cesarean section and presented with cyclic pain. Preprocedure imaging revealed irregular hypoechoic lesions on US, solid soft-tissue masses on CT, and low signal intensity with heterogeneous enhancement on MRI. Histopathology confirmed the presence of endometrial cells in all cases, with most patients (40.48%) having lesions located below the scar. The majority of patients (95.2%) required only a single session of RFA. The complications included a minor scar wound, occurring in one case (2.4%). Complete radiological resolution was achieved in all patients (100%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RFA is a safe and effective treatment for AWE, offering significant symptom relief with minimal complications. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and optimize the treatment protocol.
BACKGROUND:Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure and after myocardial infarction (MI), but patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) have been excluded from major trials. We therefore evaluated the association between discharge SGLT2 inhibitor prescription and 1-year outcomes in survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by CS. METHODS:This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included 826 patients who survived to hospital discharge after AMI-CS. The primary exposure was SGLT2 inhibitor prescription at discharge versus standard therapy. Time zero was defined at discharge to avoid immortal time bias. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using 34 baseline covariates was applied. Primary outcomes were 1-year cardiac death and heart failure (HF) events, analyzed using Fine-Gray competing risk models. RESULTS:Of 826 patients, 197 (23.8%) received SGLT2 inhibitors. These patients had higher diabetes prevalence, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and more advanced SCAI shock stages. After IPTW, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a non-significant reduction in 1-year cardiac death (sHR 0.749, 95% CI 0.462-1.215, p=0.241) and no difference in HF events (sHR 0.986, 95% CI 0.629-1.546, p=0.952). The composite endpoint showed a non-significant trend toward benefit (HR 0.806, p=0.217). In subgroup analysis, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with significantly lower cardiac mortality in NSTE-ACS patients. CONCLUSIONS:In AMI-CS survivors, SGLT2 inhibitor use at discharge could be safe and associated with favorable numerical trends, supporting the need for randomized trials.
