Tilka Majhi Bhagalpur University, formerly Bhagalpur University, is a public university in Bhagalpur, Bihar, India. It was established on 12 July 1960, having local colleges initially associated with Patna University. Its campus is around 264 acres (1.07 km2) in area. The name was changed from Bhagalpur University to Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University in 1991 in commemoration of Tilka Majhi, a freedom fighter.
A river confluence is an important ecosystem to investigate the microbial community and functional profile. Even after the enormous applications of trace elements and antibiotics, their release into the environment causes pollution and selective pressure that facilitate the proliferation and dissemination of resistance genes against antibiotics, metals and biocides among bacterial communities. Metagenomic exploration plays a pivotal role in deciphering riverine ecosystems and offers valuable insights for the mitigation of pollution and the dissemination of resistance genes. Monitoring microbial diversity could aid in identifying various prokaryotes, pathogens, and pollutants, including dyes and their associated resistance genes. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the occurrence of resistance genes and virulence factors in the microbial community of Saryu River water using high-throughput metagenomics coupled with bioinformatic analyses. The highly dominant antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) types identified were rifampin, tetracycline, macrolide, polymyxin and rifampicin multidrug/efflux. ARGs such as rpoB2, Txr, adeF, tetB(P), and acrB were found to be abundant in Saryu River water. Among the detected MRG subtypes, namely, ruvB and arsB, the most abundant are in water. Further, the biocides against which the resistance was identified were ethidium bromide, triclosan, sodium dodecyl sulfate, etc. Among the virulence factors, tufa, htpB (adherence), Gmd (immune-modulation), cheD (motility), and clpV1 (effector-delivery-system) were found to be highly prevalent. Taxonomic classification revealed that Cyanobateriota, followed by Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in the river water. Microcystis was the most dominant genus, followed by Desulfomicrobium and Dechloromonas. The present study shows that antibiotics and metals are the major sources of resistance genes development and dissemination in the environment.. Further, this is a preliminary study based on a single composite sample, representing a "snapshot" at a specific time and location. The present study highlights the persistence of ARGs, MRGs, biocides, and virulence factors in Saryu River water and provides valuable baseline data for risk assessment.
Owing to the superior characteristics of EN-24 steel alloy, has been utilized in high-strength and wear-resistance requiring engineering applications, however, these characteristics pose a machining challenge for the specimen. Concurrently, electrical discharge machining, an advanced machining, approach has exhibited enhanced productivity, improved quality, and cost-effectiveness when contrasted with auxiliary machine practices. Therefore, in this research, the advanced machining approach was exploited for investigating the machining attributes of EN-24 steel alloy, further, a comprehensive optimization approach was employed. A systematic optimization investigation was performed with gap voltage, peak current, pulse on time, and powder concentration as crucial processing parameters. Correspondingly, the analytical tool, response surface methodology, has been operated for establishing a correlation between the process parameters and experimental outcomes, i.e., material removal rate and tool wear rate. A high R2 value for material removal rate and tool wear rate, the experimental responses considered; of 98.62
Comprehending the interactions between drugs and surfactants is critically significant for enhancing drug delivery processes and formulating effective drug compositions. This research aims to elucidate the temperature-induced aggregation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in combination with metformin hydrochloride (MHC), in addition to emphasizing the influence of glucose and urea on micellization. Conductivity measurements were employed to probe the interactions in the CTAB-MHC system containing aqueous glucose/urea throughout a spectrum of ambient temperatures. The addition of MHC facilitated micellization by lowering the CMC values of CTAB compared to those of CTAB in pure water. Glucose, by establishing hydrogen bonds with water, renders the solvent less attractive for the hydrophobic tails of the CTAB surfactant, thereby elevating the CMC. Urea diminishes the hydrophobic action that promotes micellization by altering the water structure, hence increasing the CMC. A U-shaped pattern has been noticed in the correlation between temperature and the CMC of CTAB-MHC in both aqueous and aqueous glucose/urea environments. Thermodynamic parameters (entropy of micellization, Delta S0m; enthalpy of micellization, Delta H0m; and Gibbs free energy of micellization, Delta G0m) and physicochemical variables (CMC and counterion dissociation, alpha) have been used to characterize the interaction between CTAB and MHC. The negative Delta G0m values reveal that the CTAB-MHC mixture undergoes spontaneous micellization in both pure water and aqueous glucose/urea environments. Negative Delta S0m and Delta H0m values indicate the predominance of H-bonding, while positive values of Delta S0m and Delta H0m indicate hydrophobic interactions. The negative Delta H0m values could potentially be caused by London dispersion forces. This research enhances comprehension of how additives (glucose/urea) influence the aggregation of surfactant molecules in the presence of pharmaceuticals.
This work explores the energy harvesting performance of 0-3 type nanocomposites comprising Ba-0.Ca-8(5)0.Zr-1(5)0.Ti-1(0)0.O-9(0)3 (BCZT) embedded in a PVDF-PMMA (80:20) matrix, synthesized via melt mixing. The BCZT filler volume fraction (phi) was systematically varied from 0 to 0.25 to investigate its influence on the functional response. Microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy confirmed uniform ceramic dispersion within the polymer blend, while X-ray diffraction validated the coexistence of crystalline BCZT and polymer phases. All compositions exhibited low apparent porosity (0.17-1.74 %) and water absorption (0.056-0.093 %), ensuring structural integrity and moisture resistance. With increasing phi, progressive enhancements in both mechanical and electrical properties were observed: Shore D hardness improved from 62 to 89, dielectric constant from 4.43 to 10.55, and dielectric loss remained low (0.035-0.045). Furthermore, piezoelectric charge (d(3)(3)) and voltage (g(3)(3)) coefficients increased markedly from 3.09 to 25.96 pC/N and 0.079 to 0.28 Vm/N, respectively, raising the figure of merit from 0.24 to 7.22 pm(2)/N. Under mechanical impact (21 cm height), output voltage rose from 8.2 V for the unfilled matrix to 44.36 V at phi = 0.25, with corresponding energy generation improving from 5.27 nJ to 18.29 nJ. The composite also delivered a peak power output of 0.47 mW across a 470 Omega load, confirming efficient electromechanical conversion. The synergy of low water uptake (< 0.093 %), stable dielectric behaviour, enhanced hardness, and strong piezoelectricity highlights BCZT/PVDF-PMMA nanocomposites as promising lead-free candidates for mechanical energy harvesting, structural health monitoring, and self-powered sensing applications.
The proposed study computes the runoff by applying the SCS-CN method by using geoinformatics techniques. The majority of the sub-watershed of the Damodar River is located in Jharkhand state during the monsoon season. The watershed area across hydrologically comparable units was determined by spatially intersecting the LU/LC map overlay on HSG map. Curve Number (CN) values were then assigned for discharge computation. Based on an average amount of monsoon rain of 1175.46 mm (June to October), the research showed that the average real direct runoff and the volume of runoff from the Damodar River sub-watersheds for the last 21 (2000-2020) years were 203 mm and 888,416 m3, respectively. In particular, 3rd and 4th watersheds showed actual runoff due to mining activities. In 2017, 3rd and 4th watersheds experienced maximum runoff, with approximate values of 867.97 mm and 845.85 mm respectively. Conversely, the minimum runoff was recorded in Watershed 3rd (408.64 mm) and Watershed 4th (398.03 mm) in 2018. Rainfall-runoff for sub-watershed was determined by SCS-CN method. When estimating runoff, the method showed a high level of accuracy. This was corroborated by strong relationships between estimated and observed runoff as well as between runoff and rainfall. Understanding the effects of mining operations on water resources and developing sustainable water management policies depend on the analysis.
