'October University'), is a public university located in Latakia, Syria. It is the third-largest university in Syria. It was established on 20 May 1971 as the University of Latakia before the name was turned to commemorate October War.In the beginning, the university only had 3 faculties, Arabic literature, science, and agriculture, and an enrollment of 983 students during the 1970s. However, that number has grown to more than 70,000 students, making Tishreen University the third largest in Syria, with the number of its faculties increasing from 3 to 21; including Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Science, Nursing, Education, Agriculture, Law, History, Electrical, and Technical Engineering and Arts, among others.
Introduction: The modified upper lip lift technique has emerged as a promising surgical approach for addressing upper lip elongation and enhancing lip volume, offering improved aesthetic and functional outcomes with minimal scarring. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this technique in increasing lip volume and optimizing upper lip height, tooth exposure, and scar quality. Materials and Methods: Twenty Arab patients (19 female, 1 male; mean age 32.5 +/- 6.4 years) meeting selection criteria for a long upper lip (length >= 24 mm for males, >= 22 mm for females) underwent a modified upper lip lift. Patients with severe skeletal discrepancies (e.g., severe Class II or III cases, patients with anterior open bite or severe vertical maxillary excess) and excessive exposure of the maxillary anterior teeth gingiva at rest (> 3 mm) were excluded. Upper lip height, vermilion thickness, and anterior tooth exposure were measured preoperatively and at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Scar quality was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS; range 0-13, where 0 = no scar and 13 = worst possible scar). Results: Statistically significant improvements (p<0.001 for all, paired t-test or Wilcoxon test) were sustained at six months: mean upper lip height decreased from 21.80 +/- 1.30 mm to 16.95 +/- 0.89 mm, vermilion thickness increased from 2.10 +/- 0.79 mm to 5.65 +/- 0.75 mm, and tooth exposure improved from 0.25 +/- 0.44 mm to 2.00 +/- 0.65 mm. Scar quality (VSS) improved significantly (p<0.001, Wilcoxon test), with mean score decreasing from 5.10 +/- 0.72 at one week to 2.40 +/- 1.05 at three months. No major complications occurred. Discussion: The modified technique demonstrated significant, stable improvements in lip height, vermilion volume, tooth exposure, and scar quality over six months. The results highlight the precision of the surgical design in balancing aesthetic and functional outcomes. Scar quality benefited from microincisions in natural subnasal creases and reduced-tension closure. Conclusion: The modified technique effectively enhances lip aesthetics and function, providing stable, long-lasting results with minimal scarring. It represents a reliable alternative to traditional surgical and non-surgical approaches. Future research should prioritize more diverse patient cohorts, include detailed facial skeletal discrepancy assessment, and extended follow-up periods to validate these preliminary findings and establish the technique's long-term efficacy and safety profile.
Let lambda is an element of (0, 1) be a real number, we consider a class & Ascr;(n,m,t,lambda) of two-dimensional homogeneous self-similar sets K such that a pair of copies overlap. Based on the configuration concept by [J. Kan, W. Songjing and X. Lifeng, The configuration set with finite patterns and its applications, Sci. Sin. Math. (2025), https://doi.org/10.1360/ssm-2024-0358.], we prove that dimH(K) = -log rho|log lambda, where rho is the largest positive root of the equation x(m) - 5x(m-1) + 2(m-n+t-1 )= 0 for some positive integers m,n,t with m > n > t > 2.
This research investigates the structural, morphological, and dielectric properties of monolithic and multilayer systems (2-4 layers) based on BaTi1-xSnxO3 ceramic. The multilayer discs were fabricated via successive pressing of the solid solutions, followed by sintering at 1200 degrees C. The study investigated the influence of frequency and temperature on dielectric properties, correlating them with nanostructural characteristics, relative density, grain size, and polarization mechanisms. The dielectric measurements showed a direct correlation between layer count and dielectric constant, and demonstrated significant thermal stability of the dielectric constant across the entire temperature range (20-150 degrees C). The dielectric constant values exhibited reductions of 6.1 %, 12.81 %, 20.47 %, and 25.5 % across the 20-150 degrees C range for the ceramic samples 3L-I, 3L-II, 4L-III, and 4L-I, respectively. The consistent behavior of both monolithic and multilayer systems in response to applied field frequency demonstrates structural coherence in multilayer ceramics, functioning as unified systems, emphasizing the stability and strength of their structure.
Aim:To conduct a comparative study of lithium disilicate veneers treated with two different methods, hydrofluoric acid and Er:YAG laser, and to evaluate the role of the Er:YAG laser in their debonding time. Additionally, to examine bonding failure modes of veneers after debonding by both methods. Methods and Materials:The research sample consisted of 20 permanent human maxillary central incisors; they were divided randomly into two equal groups and prepared to receive lithium disilicate veneers. The surfaces of the veneers in the first group were treated with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid for 90 s, while those in the second group were treated with the Er:YAG laser with a wavelength of 2940 nm, a frequency of 15 Hz, an energy of 400 mJ, and a water/air cooling ratio of 8:4 for 20 s. Subsequently, veneers in both groups were bonded with resin cement. The Er:YAG laser (with a wavelength of 2940 nm, a frequency of 10 Hz, an energy of 400 mJ, and a water/air cooling ratio of 1:1) was used in a non-contact mode to debond the veneers, recording the time from the start of laser application until debonding. The bonding failure modes for all samples were then evaluated using a stereomicroscope under a 20× magnification. Data were analyzed with SPSS, a t-test was used to compare debonding time, and a chi-square test was applied to analyze failure modes. Results:Statistically significant differences were found in the debonding time of veneers using the Er:YAG laser between the two groups (p < 0.05). The hydrofluoric acid group showed a shorter mean debonding time 114.2 ± 37.22 s compared to the Er:YAG laser group 187.3 ± 64.49 s. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed in the frequencies of bonding failure modes of veneers between the two groups (p > 0.05) with adhesive failure at the veneer-cement interface being the most common type. Conclusions:Lithium disilicate veneers treated with an Er:YAG laser require a longer time to debond compared to those treated with hydrofluoric acid when using the non-contact mode of the Er:YAG laser. The bonding failure mode was similar for both methods, showing adhesive failure between the veneer's internal surface and the resin cement.
ABSTRACT Background and Aims Nicotine dependence is a growing concern, particularly among young adults. While e‐cigarettes are marketed as smoking cessation tools, evidence suggests they may contribute to increased dependence and dual use. Additionally, nicotine use has been linked to mental health disorders, yet research exploring these associations among Syrians is limited. This study examines e‐smoking patterns among Syrian university students, assesses nicotine dependence, and investigates correlations with anxiety and depression. Methods A cross‐sectional web‐based survey was distributed via social media, targeting university students. A 53‐item questionnaire collected demographic and smoking data, while validated scales, namely Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), E‐cigarette Dependence Scale (EDS), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), were used to assess nicotine dependency, depression, and anxiety. Results Among 1092 participants, 661 (60.5%) were female. A total of 376 (34.4%) were current or past smokers. High nicotine dependence was observed, with 61% of e‐cigarette users scoring above 21 on the EDS. Mean dependence scores among vapers were 28.85 ± 20.1 (EDS) and 5.8 ± 3.07 (HONC). Daily e‐cigarette use correlated positively with dependence (p < 0.0001). Weak but significant associations were found between dependence and anxiety (p = 0.032) and depression (p = 0.002). Conclusion E‐cigarette use among Syrian university students is linked to nicotine dependence and mental health concerns. Our findings challenge their role in smoking cessation and highlight the need for regulatory policies and public health interventions.
