University of Hama (Arabic: جامعة حماة), founded in 2014 with 15 faculties, is a public university located in the city of Hama, Syria. It was established by Presidential Decree No. 19 for 2014 issued by Bashar Al-Assad.
Sleep quality significantly impacts cognitive function and mental health, yet medical students globally report high rates of sleep disturbances. This cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associations with mental health and academic performance among medical students in three Syrian universities. An online survey was administered to 722 medical students from Kalamoon University, Al Sham Private University, and Syrian Private University. Validated tools, including `assessed sleep quality and psychological distress. Academic performance was measured via self-reported GPA. After exclusions, 682 participants were analyzed using SPSS v27, with chi-square tests and regression models (α = 0.05). Poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5) was prevalent in 83.3
Background:Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. In Russia, despite tobacco-control measures, adolescent tobacco use remains a significant public health concern. Objective:This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of tobacco use among adolescents aged 13-15 years in the Russian Federation using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Methods:The present study was a cross-sectional study based on secondary analysis of data from the 2021 Russian Federation GYTS. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate sociodemographic and attitudinal factors associated with adolescent tobacco use. Results:The findings showed that the prevalence of adolescent tobacco use was 16.3% among 13-year-olds, to 21.4% among 14-year-olds, and 29.6% among 15-year-olds (p < 0.001). Male adolescents had a higher prevalence of tobacco use than females (22.7% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.009). Tobacco use prevalence also increased by school level, reaching 29.0% among ninth-grade students, compared with 17.2% and 20.7% among seventh- and eighth-grade students, respectively (p < 0.001). Weekly spending was strongly associated with tobacco use, with prevalence rising to 36.0% among adolescents spending 1000 rubles or more per week. In multivariable analysis, adolescents spending 1000 rubles or more per week had over twice the odds of tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75-2.46; p < 0.001). Positive tobacco use expectancies were also strongly associated with tobacco use, with adjusted ORs reaching 10.79 among adolescents who agreed that they might enjoy tobacco use. Conclusions:The findings of this study highlight that adolescent tobacco use in Russia continues to be a significant public health issue, characterized by an increasing prevalence with age, an emergence of a relatively small sex difference in prevalence, and strong associations with socioeconomic factors and positive tobacco use expectancies.
Pediatric pain remains frequently under-recognized and inadequately managed in emergency departments (EDs), particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to significant physical and psychological harm. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on pediatric pain management in LMIC emergency settings, highlighting both established practices and emerging innovations. Established approaches include pharmacologic interventions such as acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids and cost-effective non-pharmacologic methods like distraction, guided imagery, and parental involvement. Despite their demonstrated benefits, implementation in LMICs is hindered by limited provider training, restricted access to essential analgesics, and cultural misconceptions about childhood pain. Emerging innovations involve task-shifting models to expand workforce capacity, digital and AI pain assessment tools, and context-adapted community interventions. Improving pediatric pain care in LMICs demands a multifaceted strategy integrating culturally adapted assessment tools, equitable access to analgesics, scalable non-pharmacologic interventions, and sustainable workforce development supported by technology-driven solutions.
This study investigated the effects of soil-applied, foliar-applied, and nano-potassium fertilization on nutrient uptake and content in maize (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate conventional and nano-K fertilizers at recommended, half, and double rates, as well as integrated combinations. The results demonstrated significant improvements in plant nutrient content under all potassium treatments compared with the unfertilized control. Nitrogen content increased markedly, with the highest level observed in the double-rate nano-potassium treatment (T9, 1.77
Background Pulmonary artery aneurysms are a rare but life-threatening manifestation of Behçet’s disease and are associated with a high risk of fatal hemoptysis. Standard treatment typically involves high-dose corticosteroids combined with cyclophosphamide; however, concerns regarding long-term toxicity and fertility preservation have prompted interest in alternative immunosuppressive strategies. Case Description We report the case of a 20-year-old male who presented with recurrent hemoptysis and systemic inflammatory features and was diagnosed with Behçet’s disease complicated by multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography demonstrated several saccular aneurysms, the largest measuring 52 mm in the right lower-lobe pulmonary artery with partial mural thrombosis. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids followed by oral prednisone in combination with mycophenolate mofetil. At four-week follow-up, inflammatory markers had normalized, and repeat imaging demonstrated regression of the aneurysm sizes without new vascular complications.The patient remained clinically stable and was scheduled for further imaging and rheumatology evaluation at two months. Conclusions This case highlights mycophenolate mofetil as a potential steroid-sparing immunosuppressive option for pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behçet’s disease.
