University of the Pacific (Spanish: Universidad del Pacífico - UPA) is a private university in Chile. It was founded in 1990 and the main headquarters is in Santiago de Chile.
Wilken et al. ([1][1]) investigate the evolution of avian palatal kinesis using comparative morphology and biomechanical modelling. While the study’s topic and approach are timely, its conclusions are marred by inadequate taxon sampling and morphological misinterpretations. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. UK Research and Innovation, https://ror.org/001aqnf71, Future Leaders Fellowship MR/X015130/1 to DJF Swiss National Science Foundation, Return CH Postdoc.Mobility P5R5PN_230653 to OP [1]: #ref-1
Objective: To review the literature on whether sleep impacts mobility in adults. Methods: Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched. Citations were randomly divided so that each was screened separately by 2 authors. Data were extracted from included articles independently by 2 reviewers. Results: The search strategy generated 8,772 references, 697 articles underwent full-text screening, and 108 eligible articles were included in the scoping review. Most studies (n = 69; 64%) included only self-reported sleep, and “walking” was the most common mobility category (n = 99). Most studies (n = 60; 56%) reported a positive association between sleep and mobility, indicating better sleep was associated with better mobility or worse sleep was associated with worse mobility. Most studies, including people with cardiovascular, kidney, metabolic, mental health, neurological, and pulmonary conditions, reported a positive association between sleep and mobility. Conclusions: Most studies reported a positive association between sleep and mobility. However, due to the variety of sleep and mobility outcomes used, it was challenging to compare studies and synthesize results. Further, due to a relatively small sample size and variety of health conditions, conclusions cannot be drawn, and further research is needed.
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common among autistic youth and occur at higher rates than in non-autistic youth. However, there has been little research examining the functional impact associated with these symptoms. In addition, the relation between youth characteristics (i.e., sex and age) and GI symptoms remains poorly understood. Thus, this study examined relations between GI symptoms, functional impact, age, and sex in a large sample of autistic youth. Participants consisted of 2142 caregivers of autistic youth (ages 6-17; M = 11.07 years; SD = 3.17). Caregivers reported on their child's GI symptoms and on the degree to which their youth's overall GI symptoms were related to perceived daily and functional impact within the past week. We performed bivariate correlations to examine the relation between GI symptoms and functional impact, and how these variables were related to youth age. We performed t-tests to examine sex differences for these variables. All GI symptoms besides constipation were positively correlated with functional impact. Abdominal pain was the symptom most strongly correlated with functional impact. Age was unrelated to GI symptoms or functional impact. Caregivers of girls reported more daily and global functional impact in their children related to GI symptoms. Frequency of abdominal pain and flatulence were higher for girls than boys; no differences were observed for other GI symptoms. Thus, autistic girls may be at elevated risk for certain GI symptoms and may experience more functional impact due to these symptoms than autistic boys.
RATIONALE:Even given identical information, patients and healthcare professionals may appropriately make conflicting decisions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:Introduce the concept of mutual two-person, as opposed to individual, decision making. METHOD:Present operational definition of shared decision making based on two-person decision theory demonstrate how to identify a shared decision, distinguish between a shared decision and some other commonly used approaches, and report the results of computer simulations that demonstrate the patterns of mutual satisfaction of various decision approached given common information. RESULTS:Shared decision making yields more mutually stable and satisfactory treatment decisions than do other approaches and have the additional advantage of achieving fewer morally questionable outcomes. CONCLUSION:In addition to shared information, shared decisions are superior to those made independently by patients or healthcare professionals.
Introduction: Molar tip back bends added on steel wire is a classical anchorage control method used in Tweed Edgewise and Begg technique. With the development of straight wire appliance (SWA), especially the wide use of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire makes bending up impractical in the first stage of the treatment. However, mesial movement of molars occurs when fine NiTi wire was engaged into the molar buccal tube with forward tipping prescription. This single-center 2-arm parallel randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the physiologic anchorage spee-wire system (PASS) vs MBT™ straight-wire system with regards to their capacity of anchorage control during alignment and leveling.Method: The sample consisted of 64 CL I/ CL II orthodontic patients who underwent maxillary first premolar extraction. Minimal randomization was used to select the sample. Two bracket systems were used—PASS and MBT™. The digital study models included three time points: pre-treatment(T0), the first 3 months during treatment(T1), and the first 6 months during treatment(T2). Study models of different time point were superimposed and movements of maxillary first molar, canine, and central incisor were evaluated. Results: In the first 6 months of the treatment, the maxillary first molars were tipped distally (2.67±4.59°) and moved distally(0.03±1.02mm) in the PASS group; They were tipped mesially(1.95±3.04°) and moved mesially (0.67±0.79mm) in the MBT™ group. Vertically, the maxillary first molars were slightly extruded in the PASS group – the mesial cusp 0.50±0.73mm and the distal cusp 0.18±0.67mm; however, they were intruded in the MBT™ group – the mesial cusp 0.19±0.52mm and the distal cusp 0.05±0.56mm. Besides molars, the maxillary canines also exhibited treatment difference– the inter-canine width was increased by 1.31±2.00mm in the PASS group in contrast to 2.37±1.72mm in the MBT™ group. No other difference was found. Conclusion: Compared with MBT™, PASS was better at preserving maxillary anchorage during alignment and leveling.
