El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de evaluar el cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) como sustituto parcial del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris) como pasta o como harina. El grado de sustitución sería aquel en el cual no se detecte el sabor del frijol cowpea alterando el sabor del frijol común. Para la ejecución del estudio se utilizó la variedad Peruchin Negro del frijol cowpea y el ICTA Ligero del frijol común con un contenido de proteína de 24.4% y 18.7% respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas en otros nutrientes. Se postulo que el sabor característico a tierra del cowpea era debido al contenido de polifenoles, la cual se redujo con tratamientos de remojo, cocción y descascarado. Se estableció que los niveles de polifenoles logrados con 9 horas de remojo y 30 minutos de cocción eran iguales a los obtenidos con el descascarado. Con estos procedimientos previos en el cowpea se prepararon 2 pastas de frijol frito a base de una mezcla de frijol negro/cowpea (con y sin cáscara) en la relación 70/30 las cuales fueron enlatadas y una mezcla de harina precocida en las mismas proporciones. Estas pastas se sometieron a pruebas sensoriales de tipo triangular y de perfil descriptivo. En el perfil descriptivo se evaluó: color, textura, punto de sal y sabor, en una escala de 10 puntos. Las evaluaciones sensoriales de las 2 mezclas de frijol no mostraron diferencia significativa respecto al sabor del frijol común. El contenido de proteína en las mezclas fue más alto debido a la mayor concentración de este nutriente en el cowpea. Aunque las mezclas de frijol común con cowpea entero y sin cáscara dieron mayor valor proteico (NPR) que el de frijol solo, la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa.
Despite improvement over the past few decades, particularly for white, cisgender women, intersectional gender-based inequality remains prominent within anthropological archaeology and beyond. Building on critiques of the leaky pipeline metaphor laid out in the introduction to this themed issue, and drawing on Black, Indigenous, and Posthumanist Feminisms, we advocate for a metaphorical shift focused on care, inclusivity, and diversity—that of a garden. The garden metaphor provides a way to express and explore the complex and intertwined ways disciplinary norms, institutions, and individuals structure and shape experiences in archaeology. After reviewing the garden metaphor and summarizing previous suggestions for improving equity in archaeology, we present recommendations for actionable steps at disciplinary, institutional, supervisory, and individual levels. Drawing on insights from the articles in the issue, as well as existing literature within and beyond archaeology, we argue that a greater emphasis on care, and its integration into the value structure of archaeology, would create a more inclusive discipline.
Climate justice is an interpretive framework to address the various risks, impacts and disparities associated with climate change, yet empirical evaluations of the sources of support for climate justice and its three pillars – procedural, recognition and distributive – remain limited. We follow the literature on climate justice and the variety of institutional and non-institutional climate actions to identify the factors that move individuals to consider supporting the three-pillared justices, such as personal experiences with climate-related events, perceptions of climate change as threats to livelihoods, government preparedness and planning, and civic engagement. We test these factors using a national public opinion survey in Guatemala, a country that combines high vulnerability to climate change threats as well as low adaptive capacity to cope with these threats. Our results show that the sources of support for distributive climate justice align well with climate justice. By contrast, procedural and recognition forms of climate justice are not explained very well by the factors commonly associated with the broader concept of climate justice. Our findings have large implications for the underpinnings of the separate expressions of climate justice and the outcomes they seek to achieve.
The Guatemalan scientific and professional diaspora (GSPD) is composed of highly educated Guatemalans who have established their residence abroad, are engaged in professional activities in their host country, and have active links with their country of origin. As a group, they represent an undervalued and publicly unrecognized asset for strengthening public governance and institutional performance in their home country. The existing public administration in Guatemala has been historically undermined by poor governance, corruption, and influential vested interest groups that have systematically hindered the development of a robust public sector. The lack of qualified human resources fuels poor government performance. On the one hand, government employment systems are dysfunctional and underdeveloped. On the other hand, there is insufficient and inadequate local expertise, which is difficult to hire in the public administration due to low salaries, unstable labor conditions, and hostile working environments. Furthermore, the underdevelopment of the local higher education system and chronically low investment in education have further resulted in an inadequate supply of highly educated workers. Yet, a Guatemalan scientific and professional diaspora numbering in the thousands is already making available its expertise to its home country, although dispersed and uncoordinated. Recognizing, engaging, and coordinating these highly skilled Guatemalans in the diaspora can significantly improve governance and institutional performance at both national and local levels. In this Perspective, the authors reflect on this intersection, drawing from their first-hand experience as members of the GSPD and as practitioners within public institutions.
We develop an inverse-scattering framework to reconstruct the effective inflationary potentials governing scalar and tensor perturbations. By recasting the Mukhanov–Sasaki equation as a Schrödinger-like problem on the half-line, we identify the Bunch–Davies initial condition with the asymptotic Jost solution and show that the freeze-out amplitude of the growing mode is encoded in the corresponding Jost function. This allows the scalar and tensor primordial power spectra to be written in terms of F^(s)_ν_s-1/2(k) and F^(t)_ν_t-1/2(k), respectively, and leads to an inverse-scattering expression for the tensor-to-scalar ratio as a ratio of Jost amplitudes. We then test the reconstruction in the large-k regime using the Born approximation, where the Marchenko equation becomes linear. As benchmarks, we consider a smooth quadratic potential and a step potential that transiently violates slow roll and generates localized features in the primordial spectra. The reconstructed effective potentials reproduce the dominant behavior of z^''/z and a^''/a for smooth slow-roll evolution, while localized discrepancies arise in the scalar sector when sharp features induce stronger scattering. Our results show that inverse scattering provides a physically transparent method for connecting features in the primordial spectra to the underlying inflationary dynamics, and that the Jost function acts as a sensitive diagnostic of departures from canonical slow-roll evolution.
