约恩苏大学

A series of new coordination compounds [MnL2 center dot 4H(2)O](n) (1), [CoL2 center dot 4H(2)O](n) (2), [NiL2 center dot 4H(2)O](n) (3), [CuL2 center dot 4H(2)O](n )(4), [ZnL2 center dot 4H(2)O](n) (5) based on (3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)-acetic acid (L) has been synthesized. The synthesis of L is also described. Binding mode of L in 1-5 was determined via IR spectroscopy. pH-dependent complex formation study between 3d-metal cations and L was carried out in solutions that allowed to determine optimal synthetic conditions and to approximately estimate the coordination environment of central atoms. Synthetic approaches to the preparation of coordination compounds were developed and crystalline compounds 1-5 were isolated. Isostructurality of 1-5 was identified by powder x-ray diffraction analysis. Structures 2 and 4 were determined via single crystal x-ray diffraction. Obtained compounds consist of tetranuclear fragments M4L4 and water molecules. The latter participate in the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Thereby, 1-5 possess the polymeric structure of 3D diamond framework type. Their frameworks contain cavities with a diameter of 4x12 angstrom.

We report the helicity-dependent photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film synthesized on the silicon substrates by the chemical vapor deposition technique. The film is composed of multilayer graphene flakes grown along the substrate normal. We measured the transverse photocurrent generated in the film under irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses by depositing two conductive electrodes along the plane of incidence. The measurements were performed by using elliptically polarized fundamental, second-, third-, and fourth-harmonics beams of the Nd:YAG laser. We revealed that the shorter the excitation wavelength, the higher the magnitude of the helicity-dependent transverse photocurrent generated in the film. In particular, at wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, the photocurrent strongly depends on the degree of the circular polarization of the laser beam while, at the wavelength of 1064 nm, the transverse photocurrent is almost helicity independent.

In Finland, the growth and yield models for tree stands are simulation programs that consist of several sub-models. These models are often non-smooth and non-differentiable. Direct search methods such as the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm (HJ) are suitable tools for optimizing stand management with this kind of complicated models. This study tested a new class of direct search methods, namely population-based methods, in the optimization of stand management. The tested methods were differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, evolution strategy, and the Nelder-Mead method. All these methods operate with a population of solution vectors, which are recombined and mutated to obtain new candidate solutions. The management schedule of 719 stands was optimized with all population-based methods and with the HJ method. The population-based methods were competitive with the HJ method, producing 0.57% to 1.74% higher mean objective function values than HJ. On the average, differential evolution was the best method, followed by particle swarm optimization, evolution strategy, and Nelder-Mead method. However, differences between the methods were small, and each method was the best in several stands. HJ was alone the best method in 7% of stands, and a population based method in 3% (Nelder-Mead) to 29% (differential evolution) of stands. All five methods found the same solution in 18% of stands.

Contents: Preface Introduction, Soili NystA(c)n- Haarala Part I National Policies and a Transition to a Market Economy: Institutions, interest groups and governance ofnatural resources in Russia, Soili NystA(c)n-Haarala and Juha Kotilainen The task of macroeconomic policy in generating trust in Russia's development, Stefan Walter Russian forest regulation and the integration of sustainable forest management, Minna Pappila Fishery governance in Northwest Russia, Larissa Riabova and Lyudmila Ivanova The struggle for the ownership of pulp and paper mills, Anna-Maija Matilainen. Part II Case Studies on Different Aspects of Governance: Re-territorializing the Russian North through hybrid forest management, Julia Kotilainen, Antonina A. Kulyasova, Ivan P. Kulyasov and Svetlana S. Pchelkina Construction of trust in Russian mill towns, Jarmo Kortelainen and Soili NystA(c)n-Haarala Conflict as a form of governance: the market campaign to save Karelian forests, Maria Tysiachniouk Transformation of nature management in Pomorie: fishing villages on the Onega peninsula of the White Sea, Antonina A. Kulyasova and Ivan P. Kulyasov. Part III The International and Global Impacts on National Environmental Policy and Local Forestry and Fishery: Local adaptation to climate change in fishing villages and forest settlements in Northwest Russia, E. Carina H. Keskitalo and Antonia A. Kulyasova Regional governance, path dependency and capacity-building in international environmental cooperation, Monica Tennberg Summary, Soili NystA(c)n-Haarala Index.

The centrosymmetric binuclear complex, [Cu2(C2H2N2O4)(C10H8N2)2(C2H6OS)2](ClO4)2, contains two copper(II) ions, connected through an N-deprotonated oxalodihydroxamic acid dianion, two terminal 2,2′-bipyridine ligands, and two apically coordinating dimethylsulfoxide molecules. Two non-coordinating perchlorate anions assure electrical neutrality. The copper(II) ions in the complex dication [Cu2(C10H8N2)2(μ-C2H2N2O4)(C2H6SO)2]2+ are in an O2N3 square-pyramidal donor environment, the Cu–Cu separation being 5.2949 (4) Å. Two hydroxamate groups in the deprotonated oxalodihydroxamic acid are located trans to one each other. In the crystal, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the complex cations to the perchlorate anions. Further C—H...O hydrogen bonds combine with π–π contacts with a centroid-to-centroid separation of 3.6371 (12) Å to stack the molecules along the a-axis direction.