Aquaculture effluents are increasingly recognized as a strategic resource for agricultural water reuse, especially in semi-arid regions, where water scarcity and fertilizer costs intensify pressure on production systems. Within a circular economy framework, these effluents may simultaneously supply water and nutrients; however, their physicochemical composition must be carefully assessed, since excessive salt loading may impair soil quality and threaten long-term agricultural sustainability. This study performed a preliminary physicochemical assessment of raw and diluted aquaculture effluents to determine their potential for irrigation reuse in the Brazilian semi-arid, with emphasis on salinity, sodicity, ionic composition, nutrient-related parameters, and trace elements. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, northeastern Brazil, from October 2022 to December 2023. Five treatments were evaluated: T1 (100
A bacia hidrográfica do rio Apodi-Mossoró tem uma importante influência no desenvolvimento econômico da região. A falta de análise do espaço físico e o manejo inadequado do uso do solo promovem impactos no sistema ambiental, como erosão e assoreamento do sistema de drenagem, dentre outros fatores. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio do mapeamento, de que forma os diferentes tipos de uso da terra influenciam nos níveis de fragilidade ambiental para o entendimento dos processos de degradação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Apodi-Mossoró – RN. Assim, o mapeamento da fragilidade potencial e emergente se torna importante ferramenta na identificação de áreas com níveis de fragilidade, fornecendo subsídios para o desenvolvimento sustentável dessas áreas. Nos trabalhos de laboratório, foram utilizados arquivo, em formato de shapefile, para os tipos de solos da bacia, Modelo Digital de Elevação e Imagens de Satélite. Por meio do mapeamento, foi possível avaliar e quantificar os níveis de fragilidade da bacia hidrográfica, de modo que o nível predominante na bacia é o de fragilidade média, sendo superior a 50%, seguido de fragilidade alta com 38,4%. A cobertura vegetal nas áreas de maiores declividades foi importante na mitigação de áreas com fragilidade potencial muito alta e alta.
This paper is concerned with the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for the class of elliptic Kirchhoff-Boussinesq with nonlocal term type problems given by {Delta(2)u +/- Delta p(u)-M(integral(N)(R)|del u|(2)dX)Delta u+V(X)u =f(X)|u|(q-2)u+g(X)|u(|r-2)u+|u|(2)**(-2)u in R-N, u is an element of H-2(R-N), where Delta(2) u is the biharmonic operator, 2 R+ is a continuous function, f and g are functions satisfying some suitable assumptions, 2**=2N/N-4 is the critical Sobolev exponent such that 1"= 8, v(x) is a positive potential. Unlike most other literatures on this problem, we replace Laplacian with p-Laplacian and allow its coefficient to be positive and negative. Based on the Mountain Pass Theorem and Ekeland Variational Principle, we prove such an equation possesses at least two different nontrivial solutions."
Magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene phosphonic acid) and activated with glutaraldehyde were designed as a heterofunctional support for immobilizing Eversa Transform 2.0 lipase. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and vibrating-sample magnetometry confirmed preservation of the magnetite spinel phase, spherical primary nanoparticles of approximately 16 nm, progressive organic coating, and magnetic responsiveness after enzyme loading. Molecular docking suggested that glutaraldehyde can act as an interfacial bridge between accessible lysine residues of the lipase and the phosphonate-functionalized surface, with calculated interaction energies of − 6.0 to − 3.6 kcal mol−1 for lysine-glutaraldehyde contacts and − 5.4 to − 3.2 kcal mol−1 for the phosphonate-glutaraldehyde-lysine complex. A Taguchi L9 design identified protein loading and ionic strength as the most influential immobilization variables, and the optimized condition was 6 h, 5 mM buffer, 5 mg enzyme per g support, and 40 °C.Under these conditions, the immobilized biocatalyst reached 60.5 ± 1.4
In this paper, the equivalence between two methods for computing winding numbers is established: the approach of cent-mapping topological current and the residue method. The methods are shown to be equivalent when the condition M '' S ' - S '' M ' not equal 0 holds, while deviations appear when this relation fails, signaling subtle connections between mass M(rh), entropy S(rh), and topological structure, with rh being the horizon radius. We first verify this equivalence to Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstr & ouml;m black holes, recovering known classifications and confirming the consistency of our approach with respect to the validity of the above condition. We then extend the analysis to four-dimensional black strings, regarded as cylindrically symmetric black hole solutions in asymptotically AdS spacetimes. Our results show that both neutral and charged black strings possess the same global topological number, W = +1, implying that electric charge does not influence their topological classification. This insensitivity to charge, mirrors earlier findings for BTZ black holes, suggesting that it may represent a universal property of cylindrically symmetric black holes in AdS backgrounds.
