Adolescent test anxiety is concerning, yet few multidimensional tools with established cross-cultural validation and international use exist to assess it. This study validated Sarason’s Reactions to Tests in a large Portuguese adolescent sample (RTT-A) and critically examined the empirical and theoretical relevance of its most debated dimension, Test-Irrelevant Thinking, whose status as a core cognitive component of test anxiety versus a more general attentional disengagement process remains contested. A total of 1395 Portuguese adolescents (57.9
The development of interactive technologies contributes to enhancing communication between companies and consumers to promote products and services. Moreover, it can also improve engagement with the consumer by providing accessible, personalized, and emotive digital experiences, which can contribute to enhancing the consumer experience in the online shopping environment. This study aims to explore whether consumers' digital immersion state affects the awe experience, as well as whether digital immersion state is affected by AI-enabled service quality. Employing a quantitative methodology, data from 1438 Portuguese shoppers in fashion online retail were gathered. The information was examined and verified via structural equation modeling. This study's findings indicate that all digital immersion states influence the awe experience for fashion shopping and whether digital immersion states are affected by AI-enabled service quality. This work delivers key understandings into the influence and applicability of AI in enhancing the digital immersion state and awe experience in online fashion shopping.
When a large language model (LLM) codes a construct in text as a human annotator would, that agreement makes the LLM a reliable coder. Yet reliability leaves construct validity untouched. The instrument may be theory-naive, reaching the code through a correlate that meets none of the demands the construct's theory makes, and no current method tells that apart from genuine measurement. We propose grain calibration as a method that closes the gap. It decomposes a construct into clause-level components, tests each against the text with extractive evidence, and combines the results through an explicit, theory-derived rule. Because the rule is stated rather than lodged in one opaque pass, its structure is evidence about the process rather than the output. It shows which components settled a code, and, when the code is wrong, whether a component was missed or an adjacent construct mistaken for it. Validation shifts from scoring an instrument's outputs against an annotator to showing that the instrument runs on the construct its theory specifies.
Background: The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and the factor structure of the Ukrainian version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the prenatal and postpartum women. Method: In a cross-sectional study, 625 participants, including 207 (33.2%) pregnant and 408 (66%) postpartum women, completed online questionnaires: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: A 3-factor model (anhedonia, anxiety, and depression) is the best fit to the data, both for antepartum and postpartum samples. EPDS exhibits excellent internal consistency for the overall scale and good internal consistency for its subscales. The total sample's Cronbach's alpha has a value of .87 for antepartum women and .86 for postpartum women, similar to those of the original scale. Conclusions: The Ukrainian version of EPDS is reliable and can be used to screen in the perinatal period, during pregnancy, and in the postpartum period. Antecedentes: El estudio pretende analizar las propiedades psicom & eacute;tricas y la estructura factorial de la versi & oacute;n ucrania de la Escala Edimburgo de Depresi & oacute;n Perinatal (EPDS) en mujeres prenatales y posparto. M & eacute;todo: En un estudio transversal, 625 mujeres participantes, de ellas 207 (33.2%) embarazadas y 401 (66.8%) posparto rellenaron los siguientes cuestionarios online: la Escala Edimburgo de Depresi & oacute;n Posnatal EPDS), la Escala City de Traumas en el Nacimiento (City BiTS), Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7) y un cuestionario socidemogr & aacute;fico. Resultados: El que mejor se ajusta a los datos es un modelo trifactorial (anhedonia, ansiedad y depresi & oacute;n), tanto para las muestras anteparto como para las posparto. La escala de Edimburgo muestra una excelente consistencia interna para la escala global y una buena consistencia para sus subescalas. El alfa de Cronbach para la muestra total es de .87 para las mujeres anteparto y .86 para las posparto, como para las de la escala original. Conclusiones: La versi & oacute;n ucrania de la escala de Edimburgo es fiable y puede utilizarse como criba en el periodo perinatal, durante el embarazo y tras el parto.
This article aims to empower nurse researchers to use SEM effectively, thereby enhancing the quality and significance of their work. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is increasingly recognized in nursing research as a method for testing complex theoretical models and exploring relationships between latent variables. A Methodological Discussion Study. This study offers a structured, practical guide for nurse researchers. To implement this approach effectively, researchers must consider several assumptions and requirements discussed in this article. It addresses common challenges, such as sample size determination, missing data, and model validation, and provides actionable recommendations. Nursing-specific examples support researchers in applying SEM rigorously and meaningfully. Ultimately, the appropriate use of SEM enhances the validity and credibility of research findings, supports evidence-based practice, and contributes to the theoretical development of the nursing discipline.
