Universidade Paranaense

Tiny palm-sized aerial robots have exceptional agility and cost-effectiveness in navigating confined and cluttered environments. However, their limited payload capacity directly constrains the sensing suite onboard the robot, thereby limiting critical navigational tasks in Global Positioning System (GPS)-denied wild scenes. Common methods for obstacle avoidance use cameras and light detection and ranging (LIDAR), which become ineffective under visually degraded conditions such as low visibility, dust, fog, or darkness. Other sensors, such as radio detection and ranging (RADAR), have high power consumption, making them unsuitable for tiny aerial robots. Inspired by bats, we propose Saranga, a low-power, ultrasound-based perception stack that localizes obstacles using a dual sonar array. We present two key solutions to combat the low peak signal-to-noise ratio of -4.9 decibels: physical noise reduction and a deep learning-based denoising method. First, we present a practical way to block propeller-induced ultrasound noise on the weak echoes. The second solution is to train a neural network to use the long horizon of ultrasound echoes for finding signal patterns under high amounts of uncorrelated noise where classical methods were insufficient. We generalized to the real world by using a synthetic data generation pipeline augmented with limited real noise data for training. We enabled a palm-sized aerial robot to navigate under visually degraded conditions of dense fog, darkness, and snow in a cluttered environment with thin and transparent obstacles using only onboard sensing and computation. We provide extensive real-world results to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.

Introdução: A obesidade infantil constitui uma das patologias multifatoriais crônicas mais complexas da atualidade, operando como um marcador biológico de vulnerabilidades sociais e econômicas acumuladas. Objetivo: Analisar os elos de ligação entre desigualdade socioeconômica, insegurança alimentar e a escalada da obesidade na infância, com ênfase detalhada nos mecanismos neurobiológicos, neuroendócrinos e neuroinflamatórios que perpetuam a doença. Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura conduzida nas bases eletrônicas PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. A amostragem foi refinada qualitativamente mediante a aplicação de critérios rígidos de inclusão voltados para o público pediátrico e adolescente exposto a estressores psicossociais e flutuações de recursos nos últimos dez anos. Resultados e Discussões: Evidenciou-se que o estresse crônico induzido pela pobreza deforma a homeostase hipotalâmica ao hiperativar o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal, elevando persistentemente o cortisol circulante e as concentrações de grelina, em detrimento da sinalização periférica de leptina. Adicionalmente, as dietas obesogênicas de baixo custo deflagram um estado neuroinflamatório crônico de baixo grau no sistema mesocorticolímbico, enfraquecendo o controle executivo inibitório pré-frontal e hiperativando os circuitos estriatais de recompensa hedônica. Conclusão: O manejo e a reversão da trajetória ponderal infantojuvenil em cenários de desigualdade pressupõem a superação do paradigma biomédico isolado, demandando a implementação de políticas públicas intersetoriais de proteção social e soberania alimentar.

Although the role of humans as the main host that maintains the epidemic cycles of some arboviruses is clarified, there is no consensus that dengue virus (DENV) can be maintained in endemic regions in an enzootic cycle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the molecular detection of DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 RNA in semi-domiciled dogs from urban areas of Foz do Igua & ccedil;u, a dengue-endemic municipality located in a tri-border region between Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from dogs residing in two human dengue hotspots. Samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR using a commercial assay originally developed for human diagnostics. The endogenous 18S rRNA internal control amplified in all samples, confirming RNA integrity and absence of detectable PCR inhibition in the canine matrix under the experimental conditions applied. It was possible to identify the presence of DENV-4 RNA signal in six (6%) of the animals, a value considered epidemiologically high. In a region of Triple Frontier, with fluctuating population, great social inequality and different legislative norms between countries, the inclusion of sentinel animals for dengue in epidemiological surveillance programs is in line with PAHO recommendations. The results found provide molecular evidence of DENV RNA detection in dogs from endemic urban areas and raise important questions regarding the potential epidemiological relevance of dogs in dengue-endemic urban environments.

O envelhecimento feminino, particularmente durante a transição menopausal, está associado a alterações hormonais que intensificam processos inflamatórios e desfechos cardiometabólicos. Esta revisão objetiva analisar a relação entre a terapia hormonal, a menopausa, o estilo de vida e o risco cardiometabólico em ensaios comunitários controlados. Consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvida a partir de buscas realizadas em dezembro de 2025 nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e PubMed.Os estudos mostram que a combinação entre terapia hormonal e mudanças no estilo de vida reduz o risco cardiometabólico em mulheres na menopausa. Os melhores resultados ocorrem com indicação adequada, início oportuno e abordagem multiprofissional, favorecendo adesão e melhores desfechos em saúde. Assim, a combinação entre a terapia de reposição hormonal e intervenções no estilo de vida promove benefícios consistentes na redução do risco cardiometabólico em mulheres na menopausa, sobretudo quando a terapia é indicada de forma adequada e iniciada precocemente. Essa estratégia integrada mostra-se viável em contextos comunitários e reforça a importância de abordagens individualizadas e multiprofissionais para a promoção do envelhecimento saudável.

Abstract The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review on the resistance of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus to synthetic acaricides, surveying the Municipalities where collections for resistance testing were carried out. The search was conducted in the Virtual Library of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (BVS-Vet), Google Scholar, CAPES Journal Portal, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases, considering publications between 2004 and 2025. Forty-six studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The analysis revealed that most of the research was conducted in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (69 Municipalities), Minas Gerais (66), and Mato Grosso do Sul (40). In the other states, few or no records were observed. The number of states, Municipalities, and publications found for pyrethroids were 11, 249, and 35; organophosphates 11, 145, and 28; carbamates 1, 37, 3; formamidine 12, 178, 27; phenylpyrazole 8, 65, 12; macrocyclic lactones 8, 27, 16; and benzylurea 6, 15, 10, respectively. Considering that livestock farming is present in 4,939 Brazilian Municipalities, available data on resistance are still limited. These results reinforce the need to implement public policies aimed at developing and implementing a national plan to combat cattle ticks.