PurposeFood companies are still unsure about using Internet of Things (IoT) based sensors and remain reluctant to adopt them for the purpose of food waste prevention. To address this problem, this study aims to examine the determinants of the intention to use IoT-based sensors for preventing food waste by the food supply chain companies in the UK. Design/methodology/approachThis research develops a comprehensive Motivation–Opportunity–Ability–Trust (MOAT) model that extends and contextualises the original MOA model in the context of using IoT sensors in food supply chain companies for preventing food waste. The MOAT model is tested using data collected from a questionnaire survey with 315 senior managers in the UK food sector. FindingsThe findings show that opportunity and trust positively influence the managers’ behavioural intention to use IoT for food waste prevention and are therefore key determinants of IoT adoption for food waste prevention. Data analysis highlighted the role of trust as the underlying principle in food supply chains when adopting IoT sensors in all operational-level activities. Originality/valueThis study contextualises and extends the original MOA model into the MOAT framework to reflect the characteristics and applications of IoT in food waste prevention in food supply chains. The MOAT model provides a foundation for further research and practical strategies. This study makes valuable contributions to the theoretical development and practical understanding of the influence of ability, opportunity, motivation and trust on IoT sensor adoption for preventing food waste among food companies.
Previous trials of whole-school relationships and sexual-health programmes have not reported on fidelity, reach or acceptability, despite the importance of these factors for interpreting outcomes. Our trial of the Positive Choices whole-school relationships and sexual-health programme found limited effectiveness in secondary schools in England. We aimed to understand whether sub-optimal fidelity, reach or acceptability might explain the results. A process evaluation was nested within a parallel-arm, cluster randomised-controlled trial in 49 schools from 2021 to 2025. Using staff log-books, researcher observations, student surveys and staff interviews, we assessed the delivery of the programme in 24 schools and awareness and acceptability among students, including subgroup differences. While most schools delivered lessons, fewer completed 'whole-school components', such as school-health promotion councils, sexual-health services reviews and student-led campaigns. No school reached a pre-defined level of 'good fidelity' across all components, and only 11 schools achieved 'adequate fidelity for selected components'. Evidence of programme acceptability and awareness among students was weak, with higher awareness among sexuality- and gender-minority students, and higher acceptability among white students. Findings highlight difficulties implementing whole-school programmes focused on relationships and sexual health. More holistic whole-school programmes addressing multiple health issues, including sexual health, may be more feasible.
This article explores the application of labour process theory to reproductive labour, taking as its starting point the dynamics of consent and game playing developed by Michael Burawoy. By developing the theoretical contours of a reproductive labour process, we explore how relations of coercion, consent and resistance manifest in the daily experiences of nine carers, drawing on primary ethnographic research. We illustrate how contemporary reproductive labour reflect dynamics like those identified by Burawoy, though within the context of commodified care work, migration, the gendered nature of care, and the precarious conditions of modern service work. The findings reveal that these reproductive labourers, whether paid or unpaid, face unique challenges, including financial hardship and the necessity of negotiating competing roles within the labour process. Their reason for consent is often affective. Furthermore, they navigate the dual pressures of waged work and the unpaid labour of the home in any way they can, often through the marginalisation of their own needs. The emerging hierarchisation of paid and unpaid reproductive labour in our participants' daily lives suggests a bleeding together of the productive and reproductive spheres as more and more social reproduction is commodified. Our analysis makes a significant contribution to the literature on social care through its integration of reproductive labour into labour process analysis and the finding that rapid and increasing valorisation of work, which typically took place in the domestic sphere, is destabilising the traditional gendered hierarchy of productive over reproductive, at least in this British case.
The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing is essential for improving patient care outcomes, yet systemic barriers, leadership challenges, and resource limitations continue to hinder its integration into clinical practice. Nurse managers (NMs) play a crucial role in bridging the gap between policy directives and frontline implementation, yet the dynamic interplay between leadership strategies, knowledge utilisation, and organisational barriers remains underexplored, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study examines how NMs navigate these challenges to sustain EBP adoption in acute care environments. This collective case study employed a longitudinal qualitative design across two acute care settings in the UK. Data were collected over eight months through semi-structured interviews with NMs, nonparticipant observations, and document analysis of clinical guidelines and internal reports. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesise findings and provide a nuanced understanding of leadership strategies and systemic factors influencing EBP adoption. Six interconnected themes emerged: (1) Adaptive leadership strategies, where NMs employ a hybrid of directive and collaborative leadership approaches to drive EBP; (2) Overcoming organisational and resource barriers, including staff shortages, financial constraints, and competing priorities; (3) Knowledge utilisation and learning networks, highlighting the role of informal mentorship, structured CPD, and peer learning in sustaining EBP; (4) Digital transformation and EBP, examining the benefits and challenges of integrating digital tools and addressing IT literacy gaps; (5) Patient-centred adaptations, exploring how NMs balance evidence-based interventions with patient preferences and cultural considerations; and (6) Emotional and psychological support, underscoring the importance of managing staff resistance and mitigating change fatigue. Findings of this study emphasise the pivotal role of NMs in driving EBP implementation through adaptive leadership, strategic resource management, and fostering learning networks. Addressing organisational barriers requires multi-level interventions that integrate leadership actions with systemic enablers to promote sustainable, evidence-informed nursing practice. Findings provide critical insights for healthcare policymakers, hospital administrators, and educators in enhancing EBP uptake within resource-limited settings.
The Sixth-Generation (6G) are already in the horizon, owing to advents of communication technologies towards enabling intelligent applications and services. Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that underpins 6G communication technologies and applications. Interestingly, FL is also a promising contender to enhance 6G security. This paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review of FL-enabled 6G security. The paper explores security threats in FL for 6G, threats in FL for 6G, and threats shared across FL and 6G. Subsequently, how FL can be utilized to strengthen 6G security in the Radio Access Network (RAN), Open RAN (O-RAN), network edge, and network orchestration and core is presented. In addition, FL is for 6G application and service security across various emerging applications, ranging from Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) to the envisaged metaverse applications. The paper then consolidates lessons learned, projects, and proposes future research directions to establish the role of FL in strengthening 6G security.
