Materials that exhibit reversible field-tunable responses to electric and magnetic stimuli enable adaptive modulation of mechanical, dielectric, and magnetic properties. This review focuses on electro-magnetorheological (EMR) hybrid materials that concurrently exploit electric polarization and magnetization-induced structure formation, with particular emphasis on protocol-dependent, non-additive behavior under superimposed fields. The underlying electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) response mechanisms are analyzed from classical dipolar models to advanced descriptions that incorporate interfacial polarization phenomena, effective (microstructure-mediated) magnetoelectric coupling, and nonlinear structural dynamics. Microscopic interaction mechanisms are consistently linked to the macroscopic rheological and functional behavior of EMR fluids, gels, and elastomers, with an emphasis on viscoelastic properties, electrical conductivity, and cross-field coupling effects. The impact of field orientation, application sequence, and driving frequency on emergent material behavior is critically evaluated. The design and synthesis concepts for bifunctional particles and hierarchical composites are summarized. Key challenges related to colloidal and structural stability, response reproducibility, scalable manufacturing routes, and environmental sustainability are also discussed. Emerging multiscale and data-driven modeling frameworks are highlighted as enabling tools for predictive material design and optimization of EMR materials. Standardization needs in measurement protocols and reporting practices are addressed. The focus is on synchronized in situ structural characterization combined with dielectric and electrical measurements. These methods are used to rigorously discriminate additive superposition of ER and MR responses from genuinely non-additive cross-field coupling. Finally, perspectives on applications and device-integration strategies for EMR-based components and systems are outlined.
Background: It is widely recognized that human capital and knowledge are crucial for enterprises to achieve a competitive advantage. The literature suggests that the antecedents of knowledge management (KM) include technology, learning orientation, leadership, organizational culture, structure, strategy, and trust. The topic is relevant, but there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the factors enhancing organizational performance (OP) across different countries and industries. Additionally, there is a research gap concerning the mediating role of human capital and organizational learning in the interplay between these antecedents, knowledge management, and organizational performance, particularly within the Serbian context. Purpose: The Study examines the empirical evidence of the impact of main organizational factors on knowledge management implementation and its direct and indirect effect on organizational performance, through human capital and organizational learning within Serbian manufacturing and service firms. Study design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on a defined sample size of 637 anonymous participants employed in ten Serbian manufacturing and service companies, which have already implemented knowledge management principles. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique, which combines factor analysis and path analysis, was utilized to explore the relationships among constructs. After developing a conceptual model, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the factor structure of the observed variables. Findings/conclusions: The results show a positive relation between key organizational factors and KM, and a direct linkage between KM and OP within Serbian firms. Furthermore, human capital and organizational learning were identified as mediating factors between KM and OP. This research contributes additional empirical support for the significance of enhancing OP through the development of human capital and valuable knowledge. Limitations/future research: The research relies on subjective assessments, potentially introducing bias and measurement error. It also covers only ten manufacturing and service companies in Serbia. Future studies should address these limitations.
This study investigated the relationship between digital governance and sustainable development across the European Union (EU-27) during the period 2015-2023. Although digital transformation has become a central policy priority, empirical evidence on how e-government adoption contributes to sustainability performance remains limited. Using panel data from Eurostat and the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, the analysis employed advanced econometric techniques, including Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), to explore both long-run relationships and heterogeneous effects across countries. The model incorporates key indicators such as the percentage of individuals using e-government services, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth, and Research and Development (R&D) expenditure, capturing, respectively, digital governance adoption, innovation potential, and economic capacity, as essential drivers of sustainable development. Results indicate a strong and statistically significant positive association between digital governance adoption and sustainable development outcomes. The quantile regression analysis reveals that this effect is more pronounced in countries with higher innovation intensity and stronger economic capacity, suggesting that digital governance amplifies sustainability benefits in countries with more advanced institutional and technological infrastructures. Robustness checks confirm the stability of the findings across multiple estimation techniques. The results underscore the need for inclusive and innovation-driven digital strategies to ensure that the benefits of digital governance are equitably distributed, ultimately enhancing the EU's progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
This study investigates the impact of green organizational support and green self-efficacy on promoting employees' pro-environmental behaviors, framed within Social Cognitive Theory and Social Exchange Theory. The direct and indirect impacts of green organizational support on employees' green advocacy and pro-environmental behaviors remain insufficiently examined in the literature. This study aims to clarify the factors affecting pro-environmental behaviors within the workplace and to examine the relationship among green organizational support, green self-efficacy, green advocacy, and pro-environmental behavior. Data was gathered from 154 employees via a structured questionnaire, and the proposed model was analyzed using SmartPLS 4. The study findings demonstrate that both green organizational support and green advocacy directly and positively influence workplace pro-environmental behaviors. The impact of green self-efficacy on the eco-friendly behaviors of employees could not be validated. The results are useful for the development of sustainability strategies for organizations and the establishment of an environmentally conscious corporate culture.
The European Union's transition to climate neutrality by 2050 requires measurable reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, especially in territories characterized by geographical constraints, such as mountainous regions. The study analyzes how European funding guidelines are translated into concrete technical interventions for public buildings in mountainous areas of Romania, using a representative case study from Rodna, Bistrita-N & abreve;s & abreve;ud County. The methodology is based on the national energy performance calculation framework (Mc 001/2022), harmonized with Directive 2010/31/EU and aligned with the EN ISO 52016-1 framework, while maintaining compatibility with the quasi-steady-state methodology implemented in MC 001/2022, and includes the assessment of compliance with the "Do No Significant Harm" (DNSH) principle also. The integrated energy rehabilitation of the analyzed building led to reductions in final energy consumption of 30-45%, primary energy consumption of 40-45%, and operational CO2 emissions of 45-50%. The integration of renewable energy sources increased their share to approximately 35% of the building's energy mix. The estimated annual reduction of 40-45 tons of CO2 highlights the direct climate impact of investments financed from European funds. The results confirm that European funding instruments function not only as financial mechanisms, but also as governance instruments capable of steering the transition towards a low-emission construction sector in vulnerable mountain regions.
