The University of Debrecen (Hungarian: Debreceni Egyetem) is a university located in Debrecen, Hungary. It is the oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in Hungary (since 1538). The university has a well established programme in the English language for international students, particularly in the Medical field, which first established education in English in 1986. There are nearly 6000 international students studying at the university.Until 2014 technical Academy Awards (Oscars) have been awarded to five former students.The university also operates an associated Basic Medicine campus in Geochang County, South Korea.
In 2024, a comprehensive framework for the screening, diagnosis, and management of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was incorporated in the EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines. However, physicians often face barriers applying these recommendations in routine clinical care, especially in the Southeastern Europe, Middle East, and Africa (SEEMEA) region. As a multidisciplinary group of physicians involved in MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) management, our objective is to provide a practice-oriented roadmap including practical and educational considerations beyond the hepatology field that could improve patient care and support implementation of clinical guidance within the SEEMEA region. This work is informed by a narrative review and expert input obtained through structured discussions, to examine the status quo and identify key gaps in the MASLD/MASH management, unravelling the patient journey from screening and diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. Furthermore, we advise on priorities on screening triggers and, considering the limited availability of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), discuss alternative approaches to achieve accurate and timely diagnosis. Finally, following the approval of resmetirom and semaglutide 2.4 mg for MASH treatment, we review the evolving pharmacotherapy landscape and propose a “blueprint” for a specialised MASLD clinic, suggesting mandatory and optional facilities for optimised care.
Aim European grasslands rank among the most species-rich ecosystems at small spatial scales, yet their biodiversity and functioning face significant threats from climate change and land-use intensification. Functional traits more effectively explain ecosystem functions (EFs) than species identity or diversity. This study examines how future climate and land cover changes will shape grassland functional composition, addressing gaps in trait-environment relationships and large-scale functional predictions.Location Europe.Time Period 1971-2000 and 2081-2100.Major Taxa Studied 4406 distinct grassland plant species.Methods We used Boosted Regression Trees to model trait-environment relationships based on vegetation plot data from sPlotOpen, GrassPlot, and the Nordic-Baltic Grassland Vegetation Database (NBGVD). We mapped the 17 trait community-weighted means (CWMs) and three functional richness (FRic) metrics under historical conditions and two future climate scenarios to assess temporal and spatial changes in grassland functional composition.Results The trait-environment relationships are highly trait-dependent: structural and size-related traits such as plant height, leaf area and seed number were consistently well-predicted, whereas other traits were less well predicted. Mean annual temperature emerged as the strongest predictor of grassland functional composition. Climate and land cover change were predicted to drive significant spatial shifts in trait CWMs and FRic. Specifically, leaf area was predicted to decline in the Baltic Sea region and Pannonian Basin, while plant height was expected to increase across Europe. Seed number was predicted to rise at higher latitudes and in mountainous regions. Moreover, FRic was expected to decrease in temperate grasslands but increase at high latitudes and mountainous regions.Main Conclusions Our findings reveal distinct spatial patterns in functional shifts, reflecting plant adaptation to future environmental conditions. The increase in FRic at high latitudes and mountainous regions also signals ecosystem transitions that may pose additional threats to further complicate grassland conservation efforts.
Long COVID affects a substantial proportion of individuals recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, yet its underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Although autoimmunity is increasingly implicated in disease pathogenesis, routine diagnostics frequently fail to detect relevant immune dysregulation. To address this gap, we analyzed sera from Long COVID patients (n = 114) and pre-pandemic controls (n = 36) using tissue-based Western blotting targeting cardiac, pulmonary, and vascular antigens, alongside standard ANA HEp-2 testing. Longitudinal samples were additionally evaluated to assess autoantibody dynamics. Autoantibodies were detected in the majority of patients (83
We study the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of atoms by intense, short, XUV radiation fields. To characterize Rabi oscillations and the resulting Autler-Townes doublet in the photoelectron spectrum, a minimal-state effective description is utilized, incorporating energy-level shifts, multiphoton couplings, and irreversible losses. Extending the semiclassical Rabi model with such higher-order terms, the complex population amplitudes of the Rabi cycling atom are found in simple analytic forms. This allows for the exact analytic evaluation of the photoelectron spectrum under various simultaneous physical effects. The origins of the spectral characteristics, such as the splitting, shifting, asymmetry, and multipeak pattern, are identified through the found spectrum formula. Furthermore, the dependence of these features on the field intensity, frequency detuning, and interaction time are analyzed in detail. Finally, as the simplicity of the spectrum formula is preserved when further higher-order light-matter interaction terms are added, the presented general framework is suitable for studying arbitrary (n+ m) photon REMPI phenomena.
Grasslands face severe degradation due to changing climate and management practices, resulting in loss of biodiversity and decline of ecosystem services. Consequently, grassland restoration has become increasingly important in tackling these degradation processes. However, even restored grasslands are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as ploughing due to changes in ownership, land use, utilization or agri-environmental schemes. Our study aimed to understand the recovery of recently restored sown grasslands (2-5 years) after severe disturbance (ploughing), focusing on the recovery of target grassland species and weed encroachment. In a field mesocosm experiment (2014-2022) in eastern Hungary, we applied disturbance by ploughing to restored grassland plots. Restoration involved sowing either a combination of grass and forb species seeds or a forb-only seed mixture. The restored plant communities developed for 2 to 5 years before ploughing. We monitored vegetation recovery for 3 years after disturbance, focusing on sown forbs and weeds. We compared the recovered vegetation to the pre-disturbance stage to quantify resilience. Species composition recovered within 2 years. The target forbs recovered more successfully in older (4- to 5-year-old) restored plots. Ploughing alleviated the dominance of grass in younger plots, allowing the establishment of sown forbs. The weed cover was initially high, but decreased rapidly during recovery. Practical implications: Species richness of target grassland forb species can recover quickly following disturbance in young restored grasslands. However, they require at least 4 years of development before disturbance, which secures their post-disturbance recovery. Moderate and controlled disturbance can reduce the dominance of competitive species, especially grasses, and enable the establishment of less competitive ones. However, disturbance should be applied cautiously, as sites dominated by few species may offer open space not only for target species, but also for weeds.
