This study investigated theoretical methane potential (TMP)and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of Longkong (Lk) waste (peel and seed) and fruit pulp, and Napier grass (NG). TMP values were calculated using modified Buswell stoichiometric equation, while BMP assays were conducted to determine methane (CH4 ) production. TMP results showed that Lk waste had higher theoretical CH4 yield (0.5 L/g) of volatile solids (VS) than that from Lk pulp (0.39 L/g VS) and NG (0.46 L/g VS). BMP results showed that measured CH4 yield was 0.21, 0.3 and 0.33 L/g VS for Lk waste, Lk pulp and NG, respectively. Lk peel is a more suitable substrate for biogas production compared to its pulp, due to high moisture content, low alkalinity and high volatile fatty acid of the latter. CH4 potential of the three substrates compared favorably with those of others such as grapes and banana peels. The study recommends Lk peels and its leftover pulp for biogas production in regions with high cultivation.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) represents a complex manifestation of intra-abdominal malignancies. Its resistance to systemic therapy and diagnostic challenges has limited treatment options and resulted in poor survival outcomes. This review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, patient selection, surgical techniques, outcomes, and emerging therapies in PC. Advances in the understanding of peritoneal tumor biology, coupled with the development of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), have significantly transformed the management landscape, enabling carefully selected patients to achieve meaningful survival outcomes. The diagnostic work-up has evolved to incorporate multimodal imaging, laparoscopy, serum and peritoneal biomarkers, and standardized scoring systems such as the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and Completeness of Cytoreduction (CC) score, which guide patient selection and surgical planning. Experimental approaches such as intraperitoneal immunotherapy, targeted therapies, nanoparticle drug delivery, and mucolytics are being actively investigated to expand treatment options for patients with unresectable or high-burden disease. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including heterogeneity in HIPEC protocols, and limited tumor-specific evidence. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is no longer universally considered a terminal condition, with CRS and HIPEC offering significant survival benefit in appropriately selected patients. However, outcomes remain highly dependent on tumor biology, disease burden, and completeness of cytoreduction. Future progress will require improved patient selection, standardization of HIPEC protocols, and integration of emerging therapies.
This study investigates how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and managerial ability jointly influence firms' cost of capital within Africa's information-asymmetric and capital-constrained environment. Using a balanced panel of 4312 firm-year observations from 308 listed firms across emerging African markets between 2011 and 2024, we employ high-dimensional fixed effects and dynamic panel threshold models to control for country, industry, and temporal heterogeneity, as well as nonlinear regime shifts in information asymmetry and leverage. The results show that both ESG performance and managerial ability are independently associated with lower financing costs. More importantly, their interaction produces economically meaningful reductions in risk premiums, particularly under high information asymmetry and high leverage conditions. In these regimes, a moderate simultaneous improvement in ESG disclosure and managerial ability corresponds to approximately a 9-10 basis point decline in weighted average cost of capital and a 3-4 basis point reduction in cost of debt relative to sample means. These findings indicate that managerial competence enhances the credibility of ESG engagement, allowing sustainability initiatives to translate into tangible financing benefits in institutionally constrained markets. The study advances an integrated credibility-capability framework and provides context-sensitive insights for regulators, boards, and investors seeking to align sustainable governance with capital efficiency in emerging economies.
Nigeria is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition marked by a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) alongside persistent communicable diseases. This shift poses substantial challenges for population health, health system capacity, and socioeconomic development. This review aims to synthesize contemporary epidemiological evidence on the burden of NCDs in Nigeria, with emphasis on prevalence, mortality, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), temporal trends, and major risk factors. A structured narrative review was conducted using 127 peer reviewed articles and 15 national or authoritative reports (total N = 142 sources) sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online, World Health Organization publications, and Global Burden of Disease studies published between January 2000 and December 2025. From 142 included sources (127 peer reviewed articles; 15 grey literature reports), we identified substantial heterogeneity in NCD prevalence estimates, with hypertension ranging from 18.6
An increasing body of evidence supports the efficacy of mind–body exercises (MBEs) in reducing anxiety and depression among cancer survivors, yet evidence on their relative comparative effectiveness remains limited. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the efficacy of different MBEs in improving these outcomes. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of four databases. We included RCTs that evaluated the effects of MBEs on anxiety and/or depression. A random-effects NMA was conducted within a frequentist framework to compare the relative efficacy of MBEs. Forty RCTs involving 3,238 cancer survivors (752 males and 2,486 females) were included. Compared with control groups, Yoga significantly improved anxiety (SMD: − 0.37; 95
