马堡大学

With the rise of constructivist approaches, team-based learning (TBL) has gained popularity as an instructional design in the field of management education. The extant research indicates that the positive effects of TBL on student learning outcomes, which many studies report, might depend on individual as well as social-contextual drivers. In this paper, we introduce psychological safety and the quality of teamwork processes as two important social-contextual drivers of student learning outcomes in TBL settings. Based on research on team processes and TBL, we argue that psychological safety fosters student learning outcomes because of its positive effect on intrinsic motivation and group interaction. We further hypothesize that the relationship between psychological safety and student learning outcomes is mediated by the quality of teamwork processes within the student teams. A field study based on a computerized business simulation involving 169 undergraduate management students, nested within 44 teams, at a German university supports our hypotheses. We contribute to research on constructivist learning and TBL by introducing psychological safety as an important driver and the quality of teamwork processes as a mediating mechanism for student learning outcomes in TBL settings. Our study also has practical implications for the design, support, and facilitation of psychologically safe team-based learning environments.

The properties of polycrystalline materials are strongly influenced by the spatial arrangement and orientations of individual grains within the microstructure, making nanoscale characterization of grain orientation essential. This is also often the case for small grains in the nm regime explored using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM) is traditionally performed using spot-like diffraction patterns. In contrast, orientation mapping based on transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) using an aberration-corrected (AC) convergent STEM probe remains relatively underexplored, despite its superior orientation sensitivity and higher spatial resolution. In this work, we present an open-source software-based template-matching approach for orientation mapping using AC-STEM TKD. A master pattern (a simulated angular distribution of Kikuchi band intensities on the unit sphere) is first generated through a dynamical simulation implemented in open-source software. This resulting pattern is subsequently imported into another open-source package for geometric simulations and orientation indexing. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed method by applying it to orientation mapping in BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ (BZCYYb4411) fuel-cell material and LiNiO2 (LNO) lithium-ion battery cathode material. The best-matched simulated patterns exhibit strong agreement with experimental data, even under the challenging conditions with limited diffraction space available for matching.

Over recent decades, European countries have supported the bioeconomy transition by implementing strategies and policy instruments. The bioeconomy is framed as a shift to a more sustainable future by increasing the use of biomass across sectors, and thereby reducing dependence on fossil resources and mitigating climate change, while stimulating biotechnological innovation and economic growth. However, an emerging academic discussion highlights the negative effects of the European bioeconomy transition, also those occurring in other locations. Our study analyzes this growing body of literature through a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS). Based on 108 publications, we assess the discussed environmental, social, and economic impacts, their interconnections, and the described mechanisms, including the link to bioeconomy policies. Our study shows that environmental impacts receive stronger attention, while economic and social aspects, such as equality or land ownership, have only recently been studied. Scholars predominantly frame rising biomass demand as the main driver of the cross-border impacts. However, the literature often remains vague in discussing causality. The characterization of the impacts ranges from unintended consequences to inherent features of the bioeconomy transition, depending on the underlying interpretations of the concept, the emphasized factors, and assumptions about the transition's underlying intentions in Europe.

Aim: Orchids make up 8% of Madagascar's vascular plant species richness and are typically associated with the island's forests. Yet most of the island is covered by open ecosystems, long dismissed as degraded. This perception has contributed to their neglect, limiting our understanding of species ecology and hindering conservation action in this global biodiversity hotspot. Using orchids, we provide a novel understanding of plant diversity patterns across Madagascar's ecosystems. Location: Madagascar. Methods: We assessed the ecosystem attribution of the 884 orchid species of Madagascar among closed (forest) and open (grassy, marsh, rocky outcrop, scrub) ecosystems. We analysed the taxonomic composition, richness, environmental niche, geographic patterns, phenology, and collection patterns of orchids using a mix of herbarium, publication, and iNaturalist data. Results: We find that 31% of Madagascar's orchid species occur in open ecosystems, with 17% restricted to them. These species match closed-ecosystem species in degree of endemism to Madagascar (similar to 85%) but are associated with higher elevations, fire, and pronounced precipitation seasonality, and are distributed particularly in the grassy Central Highlands, a region historically undervalued ecologically compared to humid forests. Temporally, open-ecosystem specialist orchids exhibit strongly synchronous, brief wet-season flowering, unlike the more diffuse flowering observed throughout the year in forests. Conclusions: We reveal a distinct component of Madagascar's orchid flora, demonstrating that open-ecosystem species represent high endemism and ecological specialisation, with implications for understanding biogeography and conservation planning across tropical landscapes. These results provide an evidence base for open ecosystem conservation and suggest that other taxa may also be under-represented in our understanding of Madagascar's open-ecosystem biodiversity. Re-evaluating open ecosystems can uncover overlooked dimensions of species diversity and ecological function, informing more balanced conservation strategies across contrasting ecosystems.

We present a (1 + 1)-dimensional quantum model designed to describe nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) in homonuclear diatomic molecules exposed to strong linearly polarized laser fields. Extending the restricted-geometry framework previously developed for atomic systems by Eckhardt and Sacha, our approach captures key features of NSDI, including the characteristic knee structure in double ionization yields. Despite its simplifying assumptions, the model shows good agreement with experimental data and proves particularly suitable for systems with sigma-type orbital symmetry. It offers a computationally efficient tool for exploring multielectron dynamics in molecular systems.