The University of Mount Olive (UMO or Mount Olive) is a private university in Mount Olive, North Carolina. Chartered in 1951, the university is sponsored by the Original Free Will Baptist Convention and accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. A member of the NCAA Division II Conference Carolinas, its sports teams compete as the Mount Olive Trojans.
A coronavirus has many crown-like spikes on its surface. Two recent examples of these viruses are SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. The former caused the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), that according to the World Health Organization (WHO), infected a total of 8,439 people and 812 died worldwide. The latter caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), that the WHO declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Unlike the SARS-CoV-1, the SARS-CoV-2 is much more contagious and widespread, and it has adversely affected life in almost every country. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that as of July 24, there were over 15 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the world, among them the US had 4,024,492 cases out of which 72,219 were new cases during the last 24 hours. It reported 143,868 total deaths in the US due to this disease that included 1,113 new deaths during the last 24 hours. Among the US cases, one million new cases were added during the last 15 days indicating an exponential growth of new cases. One way to understand and predict the impact of COVID-19 is to formulate a mathematical model to predict the spread of illness, hospitalization, death, recovery, etc. based on assumptions about the characteristics of the disease and behavior of individuals. Many institutions, universities, and organizations have formulated mathematical models for this purpose. Some notable organizations for this purpose include the COVID-19 Forecast Hub that hosts over 30 international research groups and their models, the CDC, and the FiveThirtyEight (Best & Boice, July 24, 2020; ABC News Internet Ventures, 2020). The purpose of this research is to introduce basic terminology about the spread of infectious diseases and to formulate basic epidemic models to analyze COVID-19 to guide managerial decisions.
Background: Sleep disturbances are common in pregnancy and have negative implications for the health of the mother and offspring. We aimed to test the effect of prenatal exercise on sleep quantity and quality. Methods: This study was a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from 2 blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trials (control n = 15; exercise n = 71). Sleep quality and quantity were assessed via self-report at 16 (baseline) and 36 weeks’ gestation in women assigned to exercise (aerobic, resistance, or combination) or an attention-control group. Sleep metrics were compared between exercise and control groups using independent-samples t tests. Tests for exercise mode and sleep characteristics were completed using mixed models, and the influence of exercise dose on sleep was assessed via Pearson correlations and independent-samples t tests. Results: Women exercised for an average of 21.8 weeks during pregnancy (range = 13–28 weeks). Exercising women slept 15–30 min longer per night than controls at 16 weeks’ ( P = 0.049) but not 36 weeks’ gestation (control 7.27 h, exercise 7.52 h; P = 0.26). Whereas the aerobic and resistance exercise groups showed an increased probability of reporting good sleep quality at 36 weeks ( P < .05), combination exercisers had no decrease in sleep quantity compared with decreases in the other groups ( P = 0.19). Conclusion: Whereas exercise benefits sleep quantity during pregnancy, our results show an exercise mode–dependent influence on sleep quantity and quality at 36 weeks’ gestation.
A systematic study of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in a wide range of nuclei from various isotopic chains is performed within the microscopic self-consistent Skyrme HF+BCS method and coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM). The calculations for the nuclear incompressibility are based on the Brueckner and Barcelona-Catania-Paris-Madrid (BCPM) energy density functionals for nuclear matter using the capability of the CDFM to make a transition to the corresponding incompressibility in finite nuclei. The results obtained by applying of different definitions of the ISGMR energy, as well as the two energy-density functionals, are analyzed and compared with the available experimental data. The consideration includes the peculiarities of the proton and neutron density distributions and their corresponding linear size characteristics. In general, a connection with the measured neutron skin thicknesses is proposed as a possible way for realistic estimations of the energy of ISGMR.
