The University of North Texas System is a public university system headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is the administrative overseer of three otherwise autonomous Texas institutions of higher learning: the University of North Texas, a comprehensive research institution based in Denton; the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth; and the University of North Texas at Dallas in South- and Downtown Dallas..
Many play therapists routinely use Adlerian theory as their primary mode of conducting therapy with children (Lambert et al., 2007). In an age of evidenced-informed practices, research that supports or describes a treatment's effectiveness is important (Chambless & Ollendick, 2001). Because of Adlerian play therapy's popularity and the emphasis for evidence of treatment effectiveness, researchers began investigating Adlerian play therapy. A brief description of Adlerian play therapy and a description of research is provided.
BACKGROUND:Suicidal ideation is associated with chronic pain. The need for empathy is a common theme reported by survivors of suicide attempts. AIM:To measure the association of clinical empathy with suicidal ideation among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). DESIGN & SETTING:A target trial emulation was performed using adult patients selected from a national pain research registry in the US from May 2018 to December 2023. METHOD:Patients who had a designated physician who provided primary health care for their pain were followed for 12 months. Clinical empathy was assessed using the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure. Propensity-score matching of 936 registry patients without suicidal ideation at baseline yielded 185 patients each in the greater clinical empathy (GCE) group and the lesser clinical empathy (LCE) group. Suicidal ideation and helplessness were measured with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. RESULTS:The median age of patients was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR] 42-64 years) and 281 (75.9%) were female. Twenty-seven (14.6%) patients in the GCE group and 45 (24.3%) patients in the LCE group expressed suicidal ideation (relative risk [RR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39 to 0.92; P = 0.02). Correspondingly, 140 (75.7%) patients in the GCE group and 164 (88.6%) patients in the LCE group expressed helplessness (RR 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.94; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION:The decreased risk of suicidal ideation in the GCE group has potentially important implications for the delivery of primary health care for chronic pain. Research is needed to replicate these findings and to determine the effects of clinical empathy on suicide attempts and completed suicides.
Introduction Impacted cerumen is a widespread reason that patients visit their health care providers. It effects approximately 2–6% of the general population and disproportionately impacts up to 65% of patients over 65. This study compared a new cerumen (earwax) removal product (Solution 1; EOS-002; a glycolic acid/bicarbonate formulation) versus two commercially available products (Solution 2 and Solution 3; both containing carbamide peroxide 6.5%) for their cerumenolytic activity in vitro. Methods Samples of human cerumen were placed in 10 x 75 mm polypropylene test tubes. Approximately 1 mL of each test solution was added and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The vials were shaken at the 15- and 30-minute time points to simulate rinsing in a clinical setting. Breakdown of the cerumen was graded at 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30-minute time points in a masked manner on a 5-point scale (Grade 0 = no change; Grade 4 = complete disintegration). Results Significantly greater disintegration of the cerumen was observed in the samples exposed to EOS-002 at every time point ( P < 0.0001). At 5 minutes, disintegration was observed in 39 out of 43 samples exposed to EOS-002, 0 out of 24 samples exposed to Solution 2, and 1 out of 19 samples exposed to Solution 3. Mean disintegration scores at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes were 1.65, 2.38, 2.95, and 3.24 for EOS-002; 0, 0, 0, and 0.2 for Solution 2; and 0.05, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.21 for Solution 3, respectively. Discussion EOS-002 exhibited a significantly greater ability to breakdown cerumen than the two other products. Disintegration of cerumen occurred with EOS-002 within 5 minutes in 91% (39/43) of the samples. Therefore, EOS-002 provides rapid disintegration of human cerumen in vitro.
Menopause is an important life-stage transition with substantial implications for health and quality of life. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) remains among the most effective treatments for menopausal symptoms, yet clinical uptake has varied markedly over time as evidence regarding benefits and risks has evolved. The Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and the Society for Women’s Health Research outline our support for the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) removal of the “black box” warning on menopausal HT labels. This important shift in federal policy supports evidence-based menopause care and reflects an evolving, evidence-responsive regulatory practice. We further call for consistent, evidence-based FDA review of whether approved product labeling adequately incorporates sex-related differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse event profiles, with updates to indications, dosing, and warnings where supported by robust data.
Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are created as alternatives to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and can cause serious side effects like hallucinations and death. The DEA has identified eleven concerning synthetic cannabinoids: ADB-BUTINACA, ADB-HEXINACA, ADB-4en-PINACA, ADB-FUBIATA, 4F-MDMB-BICA, 4F-ABUTINACA, FUB-144, FUB-AKB-48, 5F-EMB-PICA, 5Cl-AKB-48, and MDA-19. These compounds were tested in rodent models to evaluate their effects on locomotion, discrimination, and potency relative to ∆9-THC. The eleven SC were tested for locomotor activity in Swiss-Webster mice and drug discrimination (DD) in Sprague–Dawley rats trained to discriminate ∆9 THC. In tests for locomotor depression, all the test compounds were more potent than ∆9-THC (ED50 = 3.3 mg/kg) except for FUB-144, 5Cl-AKB-48, and ADB-FUBIATA (ED50 > 6.1 mg/kg), which produced weak locomotor depressant effects. Similarly, in the DD assay, most compounds substituted fully with greater potency t than ∆9 -THC (ED50 = 0.55 mg/kg) except for FUB-144 (ED50 = 1.44 mg/kg), and 5Cl-AKB-48 (ED50 = 3.21 mg/kg). ADB-FUBIATA and MDA-19 tested in doses up to 100 mg/kg, failed to fully substitute for the discriminative stimulus of ∆9-THC. In summary, slight structural differences led to shifts in behavioral pharmacology outcomes in rodent models, which helped predict their potency relative to ∆9-THC. Therefore, future research on emerging SCs, along with structure–activity relationships at the receptor level, should include behavioral pharmacology testing of SCs to better predict their abuse potential and toxicity. Supported by NIDA contract N01DA-18–8936; N01DA-23–8936.
