奥斯特拉发大学

Extreme rainfall is a primary trigger of landslides. Yet, event-based inventories from dryland sedimentary landscapes remain scarce, and the spatial relationships between gridded hydrometeorological variables and landsliding in such settings remain poorly constrained. Well-documented rainfall-triggered events provide benchmarks for testing how dryland sedimentary landscapes respond to extreme hydrometeorological forcing. We examined landslides triggered by the March–April 2017 Comodoro Rivadavia storm in the Pampa de Salamanca, eastern Patagonia, where ~400 mm of rainfall caused catastrophic flooding. Using satellite imagery, we mapped 2555 predominantly shallow landslides across a 5660 km2 dryland region underlain by weakly lithified sediments. Analysis of hourly ERA5-Land precipitation and runoff for 1950–2025, using 1–72 h accumulations, shows that multi-day rainfall and runoff were exceptional relative to historical annual maxima and modeled return levels. Landslide-bearing cells were disproportionately located in areas where multi-day rainfall and runoff exceeded annual maxima in other years. At the grid scale, slope-normalized landslide density was weakly and non-significantly associated with precipitation and runoff maxima, indicating that these variables alone did not resolve the spatial distribution of failures. Runoff showed partial spatial correspondence with landslide clusters, particularly where elevated runoff coincided with higher terrain and lithostratigraphic units. These patterns are consistent with the rainfall event providing regional triggering conditions, whereas terrain- and lithology-conditioned hydrological response may have influenced where failures clustered. Results provide an event-based inventory and show that multi-day hydrometeorological rarity, interpreted alongside terrain, lithostratigraphy, vegetation and soil moisture, offers informative regional context for landslide clustering beyond rainfall-intensity maxima alone.

Knowledge about the history of landslide movements is crucial for determining landslide hazard, predicting future reactivation development, as well as evaluating triggers. Obtaining such information in forested regions largely depends on in situ monitoring techniques, which are expensive, labor intensive, environmentally disturbing, and rarely capture the landslide movements in their full complexity. We argue that recent methodological advances of dendrochronological research allow the use of tree-growth responses to landslide movement as an invaluable addition to site monitoring techniques, providing reliable information about landslide movement reactivation frequencies, their intensities (distinguishing from creep and sliding) and spatial extent. The article outlines methodological approaches for the best use of trees in recording landslide movements and identifies the principal limitations, among which are the age of the trees and the lack of verification of the dendrochronological results by comparison with in-situ instrumental monitoring. Despite these disadvantages, the presented method may fill a knowledge gap of long-term landslide movement histories in forested, un-gauged areas, which may represent regions with underestimated landslide risk.

Riverbank erosion is a natural process in meandering rivers that contributes to sediment supply and geomorphic diversity, yet it can threaten infrastructure and human activities within the floodplain. Recently, many studies have used high-resolution remote sensing technologies to measure bank erosion, but they often focus on technical aspects or platform comparisons rather than analyzing the geomorphic and hydrological drivers of its spatial variability. This research aimed to investigate short-term patterns and controlling factors of bank erosion at 10 meander bends along an actively eroding gravel-bed river. Repeated field surveys involving UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) data acquisition and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurements were conducted between March 2022 and May 2024, covering periods of both significant floods and low-flow conditions. Three key bank erosion metrics were calculated: bank retreat rate, area of eroded floodplain, and volume of eroded material. Riverbank lines were automatically vectorized using Laplacian edge detection filtering of digital surface models (DSMs) in GIS, and erosion volumes were quantified through temporal DSM differencing. The results indicated that erosion rates were positively correlated with meander sinuosity only during the high discharge period. Greater erosion was generally measured in meanders with grass-covered banks compared to those stabilized by woody vegetation. This study contributes to understanding the short-term dynamics of riverbank erosion at high spatial resolution, particularly under varying flow conditions. It also presents a practical workflow based on UAV data for rapid bankline delineation and erosion quantification, offering a valuable tool for river management.

Online romance fraud has received increasing scholarly and policy attention due to its socioeconomic and psychological consequences. While prior research has examined the technical, psychological, and structural conditions that enable these scams, far less is known about the temporal and behavioural processes that shape how individuals enter, sustain, and exit them. This study addresses that gap using qualitative data from publicly available court case files and interviews with active and former offenders. Drawing on Crime Script Analysis (CSA), it maps the sequence of offender behaviour, including pre-entry preparation, operational stages, and pathways out of fraudulent activity. Findings show that romance fraud is not opportunistic but a structured enterprise requiring planning, adaptation, and sustained deception. Exit is commonly triggered by lawenforcement pressure, reduced financial returns, and moments of moral conflict. The study advances cybercrime research by illuminating the dynamics of recruitment, socialisation, and disengagement, with particular attention to Global South contexts.

This study aimed to obtain data describing the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from bloodstream infections (BSI) in the Czech Republic (CR). This study presents data from the first year of a national, long-term surveillance program. All microbiologically confirmed candidemia cases in patients hospitalized at 30 Czech centers in 2023 were evaluated. This study assessed BSI incidence per 100,000 inhabitants, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibilities (EUCAST E.Def 7.4 protocol) of strains.aff Whole-genome sequencing was performed on selected isolates with acquired resistance or non-wild-type phenotypes to determine the molecular mechanisms of resistance. In total, 433 isolates from 408 unique BSI episodes in 398 patients were recorded in 2023. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (40.6%), followed by Candida glabrata (24.5%), Candida parapsilosis (14.5%), and Candida tropicalis (5.5%). In pediatric patients, C. albicans (58.8%) was the most common, followed by C. parapsilosis (17.6%). Candida auris BSI was not detected in 2023. The highest rates of acquired fluconazole resistance were detected in C. parapsilosis (16.9%) and C. glabrata (15.4%). Most fluconazole-resistant (FLC-R) C. parapsilosis isolates carried Y132F mutation in ERG11 gene (14/15; 93.3%). One isolate of C. glabrata was resistant to echinocandins (1.3%), but remained susceptible to azoles, mutations in FKS1 (G14S) and FKS2 (S663P, T926P) were identified. This nationwide survey provides the first comprehensive yeast BSI surveillance data from the Czech Republic, which spans the entire country. CR follows trends observed in developed countries, with a decline in C. albicans and a rise in C. glabrata infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing FLC-R C. parapsilosis isolates carrying the Y132F ERG11 mutation in CR. These findings highlight several emerging challenges that reflect global trends: a shifting spectrum of Candida species from C. albicans to non-albicans species, and rising levels of acquired azole resistance. Therefore, continuous national monitoring is essential.