Radiomics-based artificial intelligence (AI) models have emerged as promising tools for brain tumor diagnosis, grading, and classification by extracting quantitative features from imaging data. Yet, clinical translation remains limited due to variability in model design, validation, and interpretability. To systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance—defined as the ability of radiomics-based AI models to correctly classify or distinguish brain tumors, measured by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC)—and to identify the impact of model type, imaging modality, and tumor subtype on predictive accuracy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from January 2010 to June 2025. A total of 107 studies met inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates of AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed by model architecture, imaging modality, and tumor type. The pooled AUC was 0.88 (95
condition among collision and contact athletes, frequently resulting in significant time away from sport and long-term functional limitations. Due to the high physical demands and risk of recurrent injury in this population, accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical assessment and management of shoulder instability in these high-risk athletes. Shoulder instability can be managed non-operatively or operatively. Recurrent instability is common with non-operative treatment, particularly in young male contact and collision athletes. Surgical management significantly reduces recurrence and improves return-to-sport outcomes. Anterior instability treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair generally demonstrates good results, but risk factors for failure include multiple dislocations, hyperlaxity, glenoid bone loss, and delayed intervention. Augmentation with remplissage improves outcomes over Bankart repair alone and yields results comparable to the Latarjet procedure, which is reserved for critical glenoid bone loss but is technically demanding. Posterior instability treated with arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair shows high return-to-sport rates and superior patient-reported outcomes compared with conservative management. Clinical decision-making should prioritize restoring stability, regaining function, and facilitating a safe return to sport. Patient-specific factors such as age, level of play, athletic goals, risk of recurrence, and extent of bone loss must also be carefully considered. A thorough understanding of shoulder instability in this population is essential to guide management and minimize the risk of recurrent instability, progressive bone loss, and long-term shoulder dysfunction.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being utilized for life-threatening cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional treatment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid balance disorders commonly occur both before and during ECMO, with approximately half of cases receiving treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Acute kidney injury, fluid balance disorders, and CRRT influence both short- and long-term outcomes in this population. The 36th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) meeting was held in June 2025 to develop multidisciplinary international expert recommendations for AKI, fluid balance, and CRRT during ECMO across the age spectrum. This work encompassed five working groups: 1) epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI and CRRT, 2) fluid management and outcomes, 3) indications for CRRT and fluid removal during ECMO, 4) best practices for performing CRRT during ECMO, and 5) biomarkers, extracorporeal blood purification, and drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. As part of this work, knowledge gaps and research priorities were identified.
Advances in understanding the molecular landscape of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma underscore the need for biomarker-driven treatment approaches. The Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Gastrointestinal (GI) Disease Site Working Group has developed practice guidelines for the biomarker-based management of nonmetastatic GEJ adenocarcinoma, with specific integration of microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Although multimodal therapy has improved outcomes, treatment strategies for GEJ adenocarcinoma remain largely stage-based rather than biomarker-directed. With emerging evidence supporting the prognostic and predictive roles of MSI-high (MSI-H), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and other novel targets, there is an urgent need for clear guidance on how to incorporate biomarkers into the management of resectable disease. These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to support precision oncology in GEJ cancer care.
Single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has demonstrated efficacy in the management of spinal metastases. This study sought to investigate the role of multi-fraction spine SBRT in managing metastatic spinal tumors, particularly for tumors large in volume, compressing the spinal cord, or previously irradiated with conventional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Overall, 146 treatments were analyzed from a prospectively maintained spine SBRT database from 2002 to 2024. Treatments were excluded for missing baseline imaging or less than 1 month of follow-up. The most prescribed fractionation schemes were 24 Gy/2 fractions, 24 Gy/3 fractions, and 30 Gy/5 fractions. The median tumor volume was 40 cc (IQR: 18–79). Tumors were previously irradiated with EBRT (108 tumors, 74
