The University of Scranton is a private Jesuit university in Scranton, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1888 by William O'Hara, the first Bishop of Scranton, as St. Thomas College. In 1938, the college was elevated to university status and took the name The University of Scranton. The institution was operated by the Diocese of Scranton from its founding until 1897. While the Diocese of Scranton retained ownership of the university, it was administered by the Lasallian Christian Brothers from 1888 to 1942. In 1942, the Society of Jesus took ownership and control of the university. During the 1960s, the university became an independent institution under a lay board of trustees.The university is composed of three colleges: The College of Arts and Sciences, The Kania School of Management, and The Panuska College of Professional Studies; all contain both undergraduate and graduate programs. Previously, the university had a College of Graduate and Continuing Education, which has been folded into the colleges of the respective programs. The university offers 65 bachelor's degree programs, 29 master's degree programs, 43 minors, and 38 undergraduate concentrations, as well as a Doctor of Physical Therapy program, a Doctor of Nursing Practice program, and a Doctor of Business Administration program.The university enrolls approximately 6,000 graduate and undergraduate students. Most of its students are from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. In 2016, about 58% of its undergraduate students were women and 42% men. In its graduate programs, about 62% are women students and 38% men. The university has about 300 full-time faculty members, approximately 200 of which are tenured.
Day-to-day variability in the Arctic winter thermosphere is driven, in part, by weather in the middle and lower atmosphere. The research presented here investigates the link between day-to-day stratospheric conditions, and local I-T variability over Alaska during the 2018-2019 Arctic winter. This work uses 4.3-mu m brightness temperature perturbation variances from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) to quantify GW activity in the stratosphere, temperature perturbations from the High Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM) to infer GW activity in the thermosphere, and Incoherent Scatter Radar electron density measurements for Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTID) activity in the ionosphere. We find that GW activity in the stratosphere and thermosphere, and MSTID activity in the ionosphere were suppressed during the 2018-2019 sudden stratospheric warming. These MSTID observations are in good agreement with HIAMCM thermospheric GW activity output. MSTID activity over Alaska is linked to stratospheric GW activity over Europe and NE Russia at different times during the season, highlighting the importance of cross-polar GW propagation. MSTID amplitudes over Alaska are also positively correlated with polar vortex strength and stratospheric wind speeds over Alaska at 50 km. These results support the conclusion that the I-T region is strongly coupled to the lower atmosphere through GW interactions with the polar vortex and their subsequent cross-polar propagation. While the importance of lower atmospheric drivers has previously been shown at mid-latitudes, this research emphasizes the importance of the polar vortex and lower atmospheric GW coupling in driving MSTID and thermospheric GW variability at high latitudes.
This paper investigates the causes and consequences of hedge fund investments in exchange-traded funds (ETFs) using US data from 1998 to 2020. The findings show that transient and quasi-indexer hedge funds are significantly more likely to invest in ETFs. Moreover, hedge fund firms with a greater share of assets under management in Macro, Relative Value, and Fund of Funds strategies tend to invest more in ETFs, whereas those focused on Equity Hedge and Event-Driven strategies are less inclined to do so. ETF investments are generally associated with lower hedge fund returns, consistent with the presence of agency costs.
Background: Older adult falls during step negotiation result in higher injury rates compared to level ground falls. Previous research on discrete events during step negotiations may not capture important age-related changes. Curve analysis techniques enable assessment of an entire time series and may further advance the understanding of older adult falls during step negotiation. The purpose of the current study was to investigate lower extremity kinematics during transition step negotiation in older women with fall history compared to young women using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods: 15 older female adults with a fall history and 15 young female adults participated in the study. Participants performed walking trials along a 5.5 m raised walkway, descended a 17 cm step and continued walking 3 m. Data was processed from lead limb toe-off prior to the step, through lead limb weight acceptance of the transition step. SPM was used to perform independent t-test analysis of the three-dimensional lower extremity time series. Results: The older faller group showed significantly decreased lead hip abduction (9-19% of step negotiation, mean difference: 3.74 degrees, p = 0.045), increased lead knee flexion (65-80% of step negotiation, mean difference: 5.8 degrees, p = 0.012), and increased trail limb hip adduction (91-100% of step negotiation, mean difference: 3.92 degrees, p = 0.046). Conclusions: The older faller group showed altered hip joint angles in the frontal plane and knee joint angles in the sagittal plane during early swing and late weight acceptance phases, which may reflect compensatory strategies for reduced strength and/or balance. Curve analysis provides additional insight into age-related kinematic changes during step negotiation that may be related to older adult fall risk.
. We describe the neighbor construction for self-dual codes over the non-commutative ring E which uses a self-orthogonal vector not in the code to give a self-dual code of the same length as the original code. To accomplish this, we give numerous results for codes over E on the structure of the left and right orthogonals of a code, self-dual codes, self-orthogonal vectors, and the subcodes of self-dual codes.
Anti-Black hate crimes are the most frequently reported type of hate crime in the United States. This paper uses restricted-access, nationwide birth records to show that in utero exposure to local anti-Black hate crimes is linked to worse birth outcomes for Black mothers. Exposure during pregnancy, especially to violent hate crimes during early trimesters, is associated with lower birth weights, shorter gestation, and higher rates of low birth weight and preterm deliveries. For White mothers, these effects are largely insignificant. This suggests that exposure to hate crimes may contribute to racial disparities in birth outcomes persistent in the U.S.
