巴黎第三大学

Over the past decade, resilience-building has become a key objective of EU policy in its neighbourhood. Focusing on the Namakhvani hydro power project in Georgia, this article examines how resilience is shaped through interactions among grassroots activists, civil society organisations, state authorities, and external actors. Drawing on official documents, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, we argue that resilience-building is primarily a contested bottom-up process structured by domestic power relations, while also becoming, to a lesser extent, a negotiated process in which external actors act as mediators.

Brexit shook to its very core one of the European Union's (EU's) prominent partnerships, the Franco-British bilateral relationship (FBBR), disrupting diplomatic routines and shattering interpersonal trust before circumstances changed and the relationship rapidly began to mend. In this article, we analyse the breakdown and restoration of Franco-British bilateral diplomacy after Brexit, between 2020 and 2025. Theoretically, we draw on Hedley Bull's framework for understanding diplomacy as a set of norms and behaviours within an international (here, regional) society. Empirically, we draw on 14 original, semi-structured elite interviews with French and British diplomatic officials. Our main findings are that shared material interests and existing institutional arrangements alone fail to explain the speed with which Franco-British relations were restored. Instead, the resumption of diplomatic niceties (including restored trust and the rekindling of interpersonal relationships), all in the context of a very specific historical narrative, were crucial elements in the rebuilding of Franco-British diplomatic ties. Similar factors, moreover, govern the ongoing diplomatic process of reshaping ties between the triangle formed by the United Kingdom, the EU and its 27 member states and by which, we demonstrate, the FBBR is constrained. We thereby contribute to existing bodies of academic work on the FBBR, to the emerging literatures on UK-EU bilateral relations post-Brexit and to scholarly understandings of bilateral diplomacy per se.

In this article, we study the large-population limit of interacting particle systems posed on weighted random graphs. In that aim, we introduce a general framework for the construction of weighted random graphs, generalizing the concept of graphons. We prove that as the number of particles tends to infinity, the finite-dimensional particle system converges in probability to the solution of a deterministic graph-limit equation, in which the graphon prescribing the interaction is given by the first moment of the weighted random graph law. We also study interacting particle systems posed on switching weighted random graphs, which are obtained by resetting the weighted random graph at regular time intervals. We show that these systems converge to the same graph-limit equation, in which the interaction is prescribed by a constant-in-time graphon.

In 1993, the global stability of Minkowski spacetime was proved in the celebrated work of Christodoulou and Klainerman. In 2003, Klainerman and Nicolò revisited Minkowski stability in the exterior of an outgoing null cone. In 2023, the author extended the results of Christodoulou-Klainerman to minimal decay assumptions. In this paper, we prove that the exterior stability of Minkowski holds with decay that is borderline compared to the minimal decay considered in 2023.

We consider the Elliptic Ginibre Ensemble, a family of random matrix models interpolating between the Ginibre Ensemble and the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble and such that its empirical spectral measure converges to the uniform measure on an ellipse. We show the convergence in law of its normalised characteristic polynomial outside of this ellipse. Our proof contains two main steps. We first show the tightness of the normalised characteristic polynomial as a random holomorphic function using the link between the Elliptic Ginibre Ensemble and Hermite polynomials. This part relies on the uniform control of the Hermite kernel which is derived from the recent work of Akemann, Duits and Molag. In the second step, we identify the limiting object as the exponential of a Gaussian analytic function. The limit expression is derived from the convergence of traces of random matrices, based on an adaptation of techniques that were used to study fluctuations of Wigner and deterministic matrices by Male, Mingo, P{\'e}ch{\'e} and Speicher.This work answers the interpolation problem raised in the work of Bordenave, Chafa{\"i} and the second author of this paper for the integrable case of the Elliptic Ginibre Ensemble and is therefore a fist step towards the conjectured universality of this result.