While cost-benefit frameworks have dominated resident support research, they struggle to explain why governance quality increasingly shapes acceptance. This Research Note introduces the conditional support framework (CSF), which treats resident support as a contingent, revisable stance: granted, withheld, or withdrawn depending on perceived governance quality. Drawing on 74 semi-structured interviews and 14 focus groups (N = 146) with young residents aged 18 to 30 years in Lombardy, Italy, this study examines perceptions of the Milano–Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games. Findings reveal that support is contingent on four governance-related conditions: (a) transport readiness, (b) housing fairness, (c) sustainability credibility, and (d) local inclusion. Economic and reputational benefits were widely acknowledged, yet proved insufficient to secure endorsement when governance performance was questioned. By reframing resident support as governance-dependent rather than purely impact-driven, the CSF extends resident attitude research and offers a transferable lens for future research on tourism legitimacy.
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements Earlier versions of this paper were presented to conferences at the University of Sunderland, and to the ICA Conference in San Diego in 2003. I am grateful to colleagues who offered feedback then or who have subsequently read drafts of this article, and to my anonymous readers, for their helpful and thought-provoking comments. Notes 1. Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a Somali-born refugee, elected to the Dutch parliament in 2003, and now under constant guard because of threats from Muslim fundamentalists. 2. Few of the commentaries I have seen on the Submission controversy draw attention to women's voices in this film. Yet the much-discussed images of their partly exposed bodies co-exist with their spoken devotions to Allah, expressing disappointment at his silence in the face of the brutality they are experiencing. 3. El Guindi comments that she wanted to call her book Hijab to make more accurate reference to Arabic practices, but the publisher insisted on inserting "Veil" in the title to improve sales (1999, p. xi). 4. For further discussion of the hypocrisy informing concerns about the plight of Afghan women, see contributions to the "Commentary and Criticism 'commentary and criticism'. 2002. Feminist Media Studies, 2(1): 127–156. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]" section of Feminist Media Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, March 2002, pp. 127–156, and Carol Stabile and Deepa Kumar's article (2005 Stabile, Carol A. and Kumar, Deepa. 2005. Unveiling imperialism: media, gender and the war on Afghanistan. Media, Culture and Society, 27(5): 765–782. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). 5. Notably Eugene Delacroix's Femmes d'Alger dans leur appartement, 1834, and Ingres' Le Bain Turc, 1862 (supposedly inspired by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's letters: see Yeğenoğlu 1998 Yeğenoğlu, Meyda. 1998. Colonial Fantasies: Towards a Feminist Reading of Orientalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], p. 91). 6. Several Western women writers (including British journalist, Grace Ellison, who travelled extensively in Turkey in the early twentieth century) were happy to use the term harem in the titles of their books to improve sales, despite their ambivalence about the harem itself (Lewis 2004 Lewis, Reina. 2004. Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem, London: I. B. Tauris. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], pp. 12, 48). 7. See Rosalind Brunt Brunt, Rosalind. 1982. "Immense verbosity: permissive sexual advice in the 1970s". In Feminism, Culture and Politics, Edited by: Brunt, Rosalind and Rowan, Caroline. London: Lawrence & Wishart. [Google Scholar]'s discussion of this in Rosalind Brunt and Caroline Rowan (1982). 8. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/south_asia/2336303.stm, October 17, 2002 (accessed April 1, 2005). 9. In real life, Nilofar Pazira, an Afghan exile in Canada, had previously failed to enter Afghanistan to reach a friend contemplating suicide. Her appeal to Makhmalbaf for help became the inspiration for this film. 10. Cassian Harrison directed "Beneath the Veil," and James Miller "Unholy War 'unholy war' (videorecording) (2001) Dispatches, C4, 11 Nov. [Google Scholar]," (both made for the Dispatches series by Hardcash Productions). James Miller (later killed by the Israeli Defence Force while filming with Shah in Gaza in 2003) was also cameraman on both documentaries. 11. Pekka Rantanen Rantanen, Pekka. 2005. Non-documentary burqa pictures on the internet: ambivalence and the politics of representation. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 8(3): 329–351. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], in a survey of documentary images of burqa-clad women on the internet, comments that they are also typically shown either "separated from others," or in groups that suggest their incapacity for action and control (2005, p. 335). Additional informationNotes on contributorsMyra MacdonaldMyra Macdonald is Reader in Film and Media at the University of Stirling. She is the author of Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media (Arnold, 1995) and Exploring Media Discourse (Arnold, 2003)myra.macdonald@stir.ac.uk
In self-regulated learning (SRL), students often set goals that influence how they subsequently perform on tasks. Furthermore, emotions have been considered to play a key role in this process, yet the exact dynamic relationship between goals, performance, and emotions have not been specified. In the present study, we employed computational modeling to delineate the specific dynamic interplay of goals, performance, and emotions in multiple goal-striving episodes. We developed and applied our computational model of self-regulated learning to data collected from an online math task (Study 1) and from an online learning app used to study for a high-stakes state exam in Germany (Study 2). Across both studies, we found that students who set higher goals (compared to their previous performance) had higher subsequent performance, highlighting the importance of setting high goals for learning. Furthermore, emotions are not only influenced by previous goals and performance, but they also influence subsequent goal setting and performance. While the effects of emotions sometimes differed across the two studies, stronger positive emotions (particularly enjoyment) led to higher levels of goals, but to lower performance in the online math task and higher performance when studying for the high-stakes exam. Our work highlights computational modeling as a valuable tool to theorize and empirically analyze the processes of SRL in education research.
Despite a history of low uptake, particularly among women and ethnic minorities, public and private finance initiatives can be invaluable for entrepreneurs. This study examines the relationship between mentoring and awareness of SME finance initiatives, with a particular focus on the gender and ethnicity of mentee entrepreneurs. Analysing the UK SME Finance Monitor data, we find that mentors are positively associated with awareness, more so for private-sector finance initiatives and among minority women. Drawing on Relational Cultural Theory, we find that mentoring may abate awareness gaps among minority entrepreneurs but may also reinforce native White advantage. However, suggesting novel intersectional mentoring benefits, awareness rates for mentored minority women are similar to those of mentored native White women. In contrast, we find evidence of under-performance of both mentored and unmentored minority males in their awareness of finance initiatives. Our conclusions suggest mentoring helps reduce disadvantage for some entrepreneurs but also contributes to processes that produce, reduce and reproduce disadvantage along gender and ethnic lines. This study explores whether having a mentor helps entrepreneurs gain greater awareness of SME finance initiatives. Mentoring is known to be a valuable support for entrepreneurs, but which entrepreneurs benefit the most? We analyse the extent to which mentoring is associated with awareness of SME finance initiatives, with specific reference to entrepreneurs’ gender and ethnicity. The results show that mentoring is strongly linked with awareness, more so for private-sector than public sector finance initiatives. Minority women appear to gain higher informational benefits more from mentoring, while minority men are seemingly disadvantaged in awareness rates and seemingly also benefit less from mentoring. The key implication for policy is that mentoring is more effective at raising awareness of novel industry-led SME finance initiatives than established government programmes, and that mentoring is associated with greater benefits for minority women relative to minority men. Alternative approaches are thus needed to support minority men who are least likely to benefit from mentoring.
British political studies has traditionally focused on the analysis of policy failures. This is reflected in a vast literature on catastrophes and crises which has uncovered a range of specific and systemic factors to explain failure. The central argument of this article is that this intense disciplinary negativity-bias risks creating an intellectual form of path dependency in which examples of successful public policy are rarely acknowledged, let alone studied. This matters because the existence of an implicit but highly normative analytical lens may produce a skewed account of democratic performance in the United Kingdom; this may at some level feed into public debates in ways which reinforce public disillusionment and contribute to populist pressures; and the notion of looking 'beyond blunders' creates methodological questions which require the development of a new analytical toolkit and may pose new questions and opportunities for the social and political sciences. This article tests this 'beyond blunders' thesis by for the first time utilising the arguments and insights of the emergent field of 'positive public policy' in the context of British politics. Based on the available evidence and data, a cautious and carefully framed case for the study of successful public policy is made.
