Amid the focus on climate change mitigation, this study explores carbon market forecasting. This study uses a hybrid forecasting framework that integrates empirical model decomposition, bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network, and attention mechanism to enhance the predictive performance of carbon spot prices within the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS). The model decomposes the nonstationary carbon prices to multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMF) representing each distinct frequency component. The forecasting at IMF level enables learning of temporal dependence and volatility. The final model reconstructs the signals to present overall prediction. The multiple iterations that include a selection of macroeconomic variable led to the final root mean square errors (RMSE) value of 4.59, which shows that the BiLSTM outperforms a conventional long short-term memory (LSTM) setup. This study also improves the model by including exogenous macroeconomic variables and policy shocks to enhance predictive accuracy. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis also identified the important features and variables. The visualized confidence interval confirms the reliability of the forecasts. The findings of the study highlight the effectiveness of integrating signal decomposition with deep learning and inclusion of exogenous factors. This study offers practical insights for regulators and researchers who are engaged in the emissions market and climate finance.
Selective laser melting technology is considered one of the main and key methods in the fabrication of advanced components. This study compares the fatigue and wear resistance of 316 L stainless steel components fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and conventional rolling processes. Experimental tests and simulations were used to evaluate the mechanical behavior under cyclic loading and tribological conditions. The results show that both manufacturing methods provide comparable fatigue performance and have only minor differences in behavior. However, the samples fabricated by LPBF showed slightly better wear resistance, which is attributed to their modified microstructure and higher surface hardness due to the high heat input and relatively fast cooling rate and the presence of oxides. It should be noted that although the surface roughness was higher in LPBF, the combination of influencing factors resulted in the sample fabricated by this method having higher wear resistance. These findings indicate that while rolled and LPBF parts perform similarly under fatigue, LPBF has a greater advantage in wear-sensitive applications.
Purpose Currently, the organisational culture of Applied Arts' spaces is bound by interlinked, oppressive/privileged systems using terms such as the ableist "handmade". This article details using Intuitive Interspecies Communication (IIC) to uncloak the proficient and multitudinous making skills of nonhuman-animals, from their own viewpoint. This simultaneously acknowledges individual nonhuman-animal artisanship and dismantles oppressive arts language.Design/methodology/approach IIC is one of my innate skills. Using unstructured IIC interviews, nonhuman-animal artisans explain their materials and modalities. Acting as a transcriber and reflective/reflexive practitioner, I then create art jewellery to disseminate concepts from the interview data.Findings Making as directed from the perspective of nonhuman-animal artisans reveals multiple oppressive/privileged biases ingrained in the Applied Arts, impacting how we attribute objects made by nonhuman-animals and those created by humans with hands-free technology. The resulting non-bodycentric language provides an environment where all making is valid.Originality/value Centralising nonhuman-animal voices and reframing their "instinctually"-made objects as decisionmade recognises "universal multispecies creativity" (Gigliotti, 2022). This engenders compassion for fellow makers of all species oppressed by the Applied Arts' kyriarchal systems.
This article investigates how carbon pricing influences green bond yields in China between 2018 and 2024, with a focus on corporate issuers. It introduces the concept of the Private Greenium, the yield spread between nongreen and green bonds issued by corporate issuers, and trace its evolution over time. A composition adjusted series shows a gradual compression of the Private Greenium, becoming negligible by 2024. Rising carbon prices are associated with surges in corporate green bond issuance, which coincide with the disappearance of the Private Greenium. Mediation analysis indicates that carbon pricing affects yields primarily through issuance dynamics, while direct effects remain weak. In contrast, government issued green bonds display little systematic greenium and often offer higher yields despite strong credit quality, suggesting potential policydriven crowdingout of corporate issuers. Nonlinear models further reveal regime dependence by carbon price level, maturity, and credit quality. These findings highlight an issuance mediated transmission channel through which carbon pricing shapes the corporate green bond markets in China.
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has been widely recognised as an effective active learning strategy in health professions education. This action research study examined the effectiveness of integrating PBL with traditional lectures to enhance nursing students' engagement and learning in pharmacology. The study was conducted with a cohort of 90 Nursing Associate students, of whom 30 completed a perceived benefits questionnaire. The intervention involved a structured PBL approach using patient-centred case scenarios, small-group discussions, and facilitated presentations over one academic module. Data were collected using a researcher-developed five-point Likertscale questionnaire with established internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78), supplemented by facilitator observations and analysis of student presentations. Descriptive analysis indicated high levels of perceived engagement, motivation, teamwork, and perceived relevance to clinical practice. Additionally, academic performance improved compared to the previous cohorts, with a higher pass rate and mean scores. While findings suggest that combining lectures with PBL may enhance student engagement and applied understanding of pharmacology, the study is limited by reliance on self-reported data and a modest response rate. The study highlights the potential of PBL as a pedagogical approach in nursing pharmacology and underscores the need for future research incorporating multiple data sources and pre/post evaluation measures. The study's objectives are: 1) to boost nursing students' engagement and interest in pharmacology, 2) to deepen their understanding of medication management through PBL, and 3) to enhance patient safety by reducing medication errors.
