The University of Wisconsin System is a university system of public universities in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is one of the largest public higher-education systems in the country, enrolling more than 174,000 students each year and employing approximately 39,000 faculty and staff statewide. The University of Wisconsin System is composed of two doctoral research universities, eleven comprehensive universities, and thirteen freshman-sophomore branch campuses.
This study explores the perceptions of 34 Chinese TESOL teacher educators regarding factors influencing teacher agency, adopting an ecological perspective that frames agency as dynamic and context-bound-shaped by interactions across iterational, practical-evaluative, and projective dimensions. Key findings reveal that teacher educators prioritize the projective dimension, emphasizing teachers' long- and short-term goals as the most influential factor in shaping agency. Within the practical-evaluative dimension, they highlight teacher emotions, knowledge of students, and cultural factors as critical, followed by material conditions and structural factors. The iterational dimension-encompassing teachers' past life and professional histories-was perceived as the least influential. Implications of the study include integrating these priorities into pre- and in-service training to foster agentive practices among language teachers. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)34(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
Many eutrophication studies focus on the external supply of critical nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, but hydrology and geomorphology can enhance or dampen the effects of excessive nutrient supply. We studied six backwater lakes in the Upper Mississippi River that varied in water residence time and water depth. Eutrophication in these systems is responsible for negative impacts such as cyanobacterial blooms and toxicity, and floating plant and algal mats that disrupt recreational water uses. Increasing backwater residence time was associated with more nitrate removal and a greater likelihood of nitrogen limitation, as well as greater accumulations of duckweed. Backwaters with greater depth and lower nitrogen concentration had less likelihood of filamentous algal accumulations. The median water residence time of backwaters with low duckweed (11.7 days) and no filamentous algae (16.9 days) approached the 12-day target to maintain overwintering conditions in backwaters for fisheries survival, supporting that water residence times in this range would likely improve both winter and summer water quality. Mean depth in backwaters with low duckweed and no filamentous algae was similar to 1.3 m, while shallower backwaters were more likely to produce duckweed and filamentous algae mats. This indicates that deeper backwaters might reduce the likelihood of eutrophication impacts. Natural resource management at the local level may not always be able to answer global and regional threats, but habitat restoration of hydrology and geomorphology can possibly alleviate or reduce large-scale threats at the local level.
Purpose E-commerce consumers value both forward and reverse logistics services and triple-bottom-line sustainability (cost, CSR and environmental performance). Unfortunately, these aspects of e-commerce can be at odds with one another. Therefore, a major challenge for e-commerce retailers lies in balancing the importance of forward and reverse logistics services with concerns about triple-bottom-line sustainability. To help e-commerce retailers better understand this challenge, our study delves into US consumers' tradeoff preferences related to delivery, returns and sustainability performances. Design/methodology/approach Policy capturing is a method employed by researchers to assess how individual decision-makers use available information when making evaluative tradeoffs between factors. We employ a policy-capturing method with 364 participants. Findings We find different consumers' tradeoff preferences in different groups in the USA. We observed that environmental concerns are paramount for younger respondents, but cost is more important for older respondents. Also, delivery performance is regarded as more significant than returns performance. Research limitations/implications Our findings imply that the demographic background of consumers plays a role in their purchasing behaviors. E-commerce retailers need to consider the psychological attitudes and age of the consumers. Practical implications Environmental performance seems to matter more to younger respondents relative to their older counterparts, so e-commerce retailers will need to adjust their strategies accordingly. We see some examples of e-commerce retailers trying to use this shift in attitudes to their advantage. Originality/value While literature has demonstrated that triple-bottom-line sustainability and logistics service are key consumer considerations in e-commerce, it has not yet been established how consumers evaluate these disparate and sometimes orthogonal factors in tandem. Our research aims to fill this gap.
Hexokinase (HK) catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, marking the first step of glucose metabolism. Most cancer cells co-express two homologous HK isoforms, HK1 and HK2, which can each bind the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). CRISPR screens performed across hundreds of cancer cell lines indicate that both isoforms are dispensable for growth in conventional culture media. By contrast, HK2 deletion impaired cell growth in human plasma-like medium. Here we show that this conditional HK2 dependence can be traced to the subcellular distribution of HK1. Notably, OMM-detached (cytosolic) rather than OMM-docked HK supports cell growth and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), an enigmatic phenotype of most proliferating cells. We show that under conditions promoting increased translocation of HK1 to the OMM, HK2 is required for cytosolic HK activity to sustain this phenotype, thereby driving sufficient glycolytic ATP production. Our results reveal a basis for conditional HK2 essentiality and suggest that demand for compartmentalized ATP synthesis explains why cells engage in aerobic glycolysis. Hexokinase detachment from the outer mitochondrial membrane is shown to support aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Differential localization of the HK1 isoform to the outer mitochondrial membrane, compared to the HK2 isoform, explains the conditional essentiality of HK2 in cancer cells cultured in physiologic media.
Prescribed fires are a critical tool for ecosystem restoration and for reducing the risk of wildfires, which have grown in frequency and severity in many regions of the globe. Fires typically cause transient reduction of soil bacterial diversity, and we are beginning to identify certain taxa that seem to be common fire-responders. However, a genetic basis for understanding the mechanisms behind post-fire bacterial community recovery is not well-established. Prescribed burns in particular offer an opportunity to study this process through the use of unburned control plots at the same location and the ease of sampling at early timepoints after the fire. Here, we conducted prescribed burns with paired unburned controls at two prairie locations. We analyzed 16S rRNA data at four timepoints over 5 months, then used these data to select a subset of samples to target for deeply sequenced shotgun metagenomics. Although the bacterial community remained distinct during the study timescale, the functional composition appears to return to the baseline levels at five months post-burn. On a species level, however, we determined that post-fire survival is more nuanced than possession of previously hypothesized pyrophilous traits. For example, we found that spore-related genes are associated with burning only in some spore-forming taxa, and our results suggest that predicted doubling time was not a critical determinant of success post-fire in this system. Our study therefore advances the understanding of how both function and composition contribute to soil bacterial community dynamics, post-disturbance.
