Generalising a result for Hopf algebras, we not only define the four possible types of Hopf modules in the bialgebroid setting but also yield the notion of two-sided two-cosided Hopf modules, also known as Hopf bimodules or tetramodules, in this realm. By explicitly formulating a fundamental theorem for Hopf modules via the concept of Hopf-Galois comodules, we prove that the category of Hopf bimodules can be endowed with the structure of a (pre-)braided monoidal category in two different ways, which, in turn, are shown to be both braided monoidally equivalent to the category of Yetter-Drinfel'd modules, that is, to the monoidal centre of the category of left bialgebroid modules or comodules. As an illustration, we discuss relative Hopf bimodules associated to Ehresmann-Schauenburg bialgebroids. (c) 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Advancements in medical imaging AI, particularly in 3D imaging, have been limited due to the scarcity of comprehensive datasets. We introduce CT-RATE, a public dataset that pairs 3D medical images with corresponding textual reports. CT-RATE comprises 25,692 non-contrast 3D chest CT scans from 21,304 unique patients. Each scan is accompanied by its corresponding radiology report. Leveraging CT-RATE, we develop CT-CLIP, a CT-focused contrastive language-image pretraining framework designed for broad applications without the need for task-specific training. We demonstrate how CT-CLIP can be used in multi-abnormality detection and case retrieval, and outperforms state-of-the-art fully supervised models across all key metrics. By combining CT-CLIP's vision encoder with a pretrained large language model, we create CT-CHAT, a vision-language foundational chat model for 3D chest CT volumes. Finetuned on over 2.7 million question-answer pairs derived from the CT-RATE dataset, CT-CHAT underscores the necessity for specialized methods in 3D medical imaging. Collectively, the open-source release of CT-RATE, CT-CLIP, and CT-CHAT not only addresses critical challenges in 3D medical imaging but also lays the groundwork for future innovations in medical AI and improved patient care.
Prior research on the relationship between network brokerage and firms' innovation performance has predominantly portrayed the brokering firm as a tertius gaudens, or "the benefiting third," which gains informational and coordination advantages from its network position by bridging disconnected and relationally neutral partner firms. We extend this view by theorizing a disadvantaged brokering firm, or broker, which spans two uncooperative partners, or alters, engaged in active conflict with one another. Described as a tertius dolens, or "the suffering third," this broker occupies a position in which interalter conflict transforms brokerage from a structural advantage into a liability by constraining knowledge exchange, increasing coordination costs, and damaging the broker's network reputation, thereby reducing innovation performance. We further argue that these adverse effects can be partly mitigated by structural conditions that restore balance to the broker's position, including access to conflict-free structural holes, higher network status, and multiplex relational commitments with the conflicting alters. Using longitudinal data on 2,735 publicly listed biopharmaceutical firms and their vertical alliances from 2000 to 2009, combined with U.S. patent infringement lawsuits to capture interorganizational conflict, we find strong empirical support for these arguments. Taken together, our findings refine brokerage theory by identifying conflict among a broker's alters as a hidden source of structural disadvantage and clarifying why brokers do not always realize the innovation benefits predicted by the tertius gaudens logic.
Context. Characterizing the masses, radii, and compositions of small planets orbiting M dwarfs is key to understanding their formation and identifying the best targets for atmospheric follow-up with facilities such as JWST. Methods. We refined the photometry of the TOI-4342 system using TESS and LCOGT data, and characterized the host stars with NIRPS and ESPRESSO spectroscopy. High-precision ESPRESSO radial velocities (RVs) allowed us to constrain the planetary masses and investigate their potential compositions. Results. The TOI-4336 A system is composed of a sub-Neptune with a period of 16.34 days, a radius of 2.14 +/- 0.08 R-circle plus, and a mass of 3.33 +/- 0.36 M-circle plus, along with an inner super-Earth on a 7.59-day orbit with a radius of 1.25 +/- 0.07 R-circle plus and a mass of 1.55 +/- 0.13 M-circle plus. The TOI-4342 system hosts two sub-Neptunes of similar sizes (2.33 +/- 0.09 R-circle plus and 2.35 +/- 0.09 R-circle plus), with periods of 5.54 and 10.69 days. Their masses are measured to be 7.3 +/- 1.3 M-circle plus and 4.8 +/- 1.4 M-circle plus, respectively. The RVs also reveal a planet candidate around TOI-4342, most likely non-transiting, with a period of 47.5 days and a minimum mass of 17.8 +/- 3.0 M-circle plus. Conclusions. With precise radii and masses, we derived bulk densities and explored possible compositions. The TOI-4336 A subNeptune and super-Earth have densities of 1.87 +/- 0.30 and 4.35 +/- 0.79 g cm(-3), while the two similar-sized sub-Neptunes in TOI-4342 show distinct densities of 3.18 +/- 0.67 and 2.01 +/- 0.63 g cm(-3). Using an inference model, we find that TOI-4336 A b, TOI-4342 b, and TOI-4342 c have an atmosphere mass fraction (AMF) of similar to 3.7%, similar to 1.8%, and similar to 2.9%, respectively, while the super-Earth TOI-4336 A c could contain similar to 2% of water or have a core-to-mass fraction (CMF) of similar to 31%. All four planets are excellent targets for future atmospheric characterization with JWST, and their multi-planet nature makes them especially interesting for comparative planetology. Notably, TOI-4336 A b stands out as one of the best known targets in its size and temperature regime, with a transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) of 138, comparable to benchmark planets such as K2-18 b and LHS 1140 b. Its inner sibling, TOI-4336 A c, may also be of interest for emission spectroscopy and exploring the "cosmic shoreline", similarly to the Rocky Worlds DDT JWST program.
Chemoprophylaxis (in travellers) and seasonal chemoprophylaxis and preventive treatment (in endemic areas) are important but not exclusive elements of malaria prevention, which hinges on vector repelling in travellers and more comprehensive vector control measures in endemic areas. In malaria-endemic countries, a comprehensive strategy combining drug-based prevention, vaccines and vector control is essential to reduce disease burden. Chemoprophylaxis in endemic settings primarily involves intermittent preventive treatment in vulnerable groups and mass drug administration in communities, rather than continuous daily chemoprophylaxis (as recommended for non-immune travellers). Vaccination has become a groundbreaking addition to the malaria control portfolio in endemic countries. The World Health Organization-endorsed RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix®) and R21/Matrix-M vaccines rolled out in many highly malaria-endemic sub-Saharan African countries, in addition to other malaria control tools, provide overall moderate protection in young children but significantly reduce severe disease and death, and are considered safe. For travellers, malaria vaccines are not available to date. Effort is being put into the development of monoclonal antibodies against malaria as a preventive treatment strategy both to provide protection for the immunocompromised or unvaccinated high-risk individuals before exposure and to disrupt seasonal malaria transmission with a single application. The evolution of malaria preventive tools is a dynamic process, with numerous novel developments on the horizon. For travel medicine indications, further harmonisation of recommendations on the one hand, but also more sophisticated personalisation of recommendations, is envisaged.
