Honeywell UOP, formerly known as UOP LLC or Universal Oil Products, is an American multi-national company developing and delivering technology to the petroleum refining, gas processing, petrochemical production, and major manufacturing industries.The company's roots date back to 1914, when the revolutionary Dubbs thermal cracking process created the technological foundation for today's modern refining industry.[citation needed] In the ensuing decades, UOP engineers generated thousands of patents, leading to important advances in process technology, profitability consultation, and equipment design.
Framework topology and the acid sites significantly influence the Beckmann rearrangement, affecting the design of solid-acid catalysts.
Well-defined silica supported bimetallic catalysts Pt100-x Pd-x were prepared by Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC) and Ionic-Exchange (1E) methods. For all investigated catalysts, iso-butane reaction with hydrogen under differential conditions led to the formation of methane and propane, n-butane, and traces of iso-butylene. The total reaction rate decreased with increasing the Pd loading for both catalysts series as a result of decreasing turnover rate of both isomerization and hydrogenolysis. In the case of Pt100-x, Pd-x(SOMO) catalysts, the experimental results in combination with DFT calculations suggested a selective coverage of Pt (1 0 0) surface by agglomerated Pd atoms like "islands", assuming that each metal roughly keeps its intrinsic catalytic properties with relatively small electron transfer from Pt to Pd in the case of Pt-rich sample and from Pd to Pt in the case of Pd-rich sample. For the PtPd catalysts prepared by 1E, the catalytic behavior could be explained by the formation of a surface alloy between Pt and Pd in the case of Pd-rich sample and by the segregation of a small amount of Pd on the surface in the case of Pt-rich sample, as demonstrated by TEM, EXAFS and DFT. The catalytic results were explained by a structure activity relationship based on the proposed mechanism of C-H bond and C-C bond activation and cleavage for iso-butane hydrogenolysis, isomerization, cracking and dehydrogenation. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the role of diffusion in catalysis is essential in the design of highly active, selective, and stable industrial heterogeneous catalysts. By using a combination of advanced in situ spectroscopic characterization tools, particularly quasi -elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, we outline the crucial differences in diffusion modes and molecular interactions of active sites within solid -acid catalysts. This, coupled with 2D solid-state NMR and probe -based FTIR spectroscopy, reveals the nature of the active site in our SAPO37 catalyst and affords detailed information on the evolution of solid -acid catalysts that can operate at temperatures as low as 130 C, for the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to e-caprolactam (precursor for Nylon -6). The versatility of this approach leads to structure property correlations that dynamics of the diffusion process in the different materials studied. Our results illustrate the power of these techniques in unravelling the interplay between active site and molecular diffusion in single -site heterogeneous catalysts, which can play a vital role in designing low -temperature, sustainable catalytic processes.
