The article describes a system of veterinary measures aimed to preventing the occurrence and spread of avian influenza on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region, provides recommendations for the organization and improvement of these measures, reflects information about the epizootic situation of avian influenza in the world and Russia, describes cases of occurrence of highly pathogenic and low–pathogenic GP in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region.
Mass gastrointestinal diseases of newborn calves manifested by symptoms of diarrhea are caused by various etiological factors and most often occur in the form of mixed infections. Mixed infections have a more severe diarrhea than mono-infections. The economic consequences of such infections due to the high prevalence, frequent mortality and loss of productivity during further exploitation of the animal can be significant. The most common causative agents of gastrointestinal diseases of newborn calves of viral etiology is rotavirus and coronavirus infections. Mixed (viral-bacterial) infection can lead to 100% mortality of the diseased calves. Specific vaccination of springer cows against gastrointestinal pathogens in calves, which is performed to increase the number of pathogen-specific immunoglobulins in the colostrum at calf birth, and ingestion of colostrum by the calves during the first 4 hours of life are the most important strategies to prevent severe diarrhea. But as practice shows, this is not always enough. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis of associative infections of the gastrointestinal tract of newborn calves with the use of melange prepared from chicken eggs previously immunized with the vaccine "Rotagal" (Pharmagal-BIO s.r.o., Slovakia), used for the prevention of colibacillosis, rotavirus and coronavirus infections of cattle. As a result of the study, it was established that the addition of yolk melange rich in specific immunoglobulins of Y class to the colostrum in the first hours of life of the calves has a pronounced prophylactic effect, facilitates the course of the infectious process in case of the disease, saves costs for the treatment of sick animals, increases survival rate, contributes to the acceleration of live weight gain. The use of an immunobiological preparation based on transovarial immunoglobulins has a positive effect on the indicators of nonspecific resistance of newborn calves compared to the calves with early postnatal disease and antibiotic treatment.
The Kura-Aras lowland is known for the deficiency in soils and plants of certain microelements, which cause plant and animal diseases in the environment within this biogeochemical province.
In the article is reported seasonal infection dynamics, degree of extensiveness of infection and intensity with from primary intestinal parasites in sheep in Lankaran-Astara economic region. The results confirm the spread of cryptosporidiosis among lambs. Studies have shown that cryptosporidiosis in young animals is more severe than in older animals, older animals are chronic. A result of parasitological examinations identified on seasons of sheep of different ages dynamics of Cryptosporidium infection in sheep farms in the territory of Lankaran-Astara economic region. As the object of research were examined lambs aged 1–30 days, 2–4 months, 5–7 months and 8–12 months for seasons. Thus, the total intensity of the invasion is 32.3% in spring, 9.1% in summer, 28.3% in autumn and 17.2% in winter in Masalli region, 29.0% in spring, 7.5% in summer, 23.6% in autumn and 15.0% in winter in Lankaran region, 25.2% in spring, 5.0% in summer, 20.2% in autumn and 13.1% in winter in Astara region, 23.4% in spring, 3.2% in summer, 19.1% in autumn and 10.6% in winter in Lerik region. The studied animals intensity of invasion determined by the number of oocysts in the 20 field of view of the microscope and there were in spring 1–5 oocysts, in summer 1–2 oocysts, in autumn 1–4 oocysts, in winter 1–3 oocysts.
Studies were conducted in private poultry farms in five economic regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan: Apsheronsky, Sheki-Zakatalsky, Lenkoran-Astarasky, Guba-Khachmazsky and Aransky. It was found that helminthocomplex of domestic chickens is represented by parasites belonging to class Nematoda, including 4 species - Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria obsignata and Cestoda, represented by one species, Raillietina tetragona. Their ubiquitous distribution has been established; however, with a homogeneous taxonomic composition in economic areas, the infestation of chickens with pathogens of individual helminthic diseases varies. Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum are the dominant species. Their invasion of hens is maximum (36.8 and 35.5% prevalence) and does not have significant territorial differences. Bird infestation with nematodes C.obsignata and tapeworms Raillietina tetragona is characterized by lower prevalence rates and their pronounced variability within areas. The infestation of chickens with capillariasis and ryetinosis varies from 7.1% in Aransky district to 28.8% in Lenkoran-Astarsky district, from 5.4% to 24.8% in Apsheronsky and Guba-Khachmazsky districts. On average, it is 17.8 and 18.5% in the republic, respectively. Age peculiarities of chickens' helminth infestation are characterized by the same taxonomic spectrum of parasites and maximum infection with the causative agents of ascariasis, heterokidosis, syngamosis, capillariasis and ryetinosis in chickens aged 2.5-5 months with prevalence of 38.9; 40.8; 21.9; 19.7 and 20.9%, respectively. The incidence of these nosoforms in adult birds is much lower and amounts to 32.0; 30,8; 15,3; 16.2 and 16.0%.
