Relevance . The breeding of Holstein cattle has revealed problems: reduced reproductive function and shorter productive longevity, often associated with metabolic disorders due to poor diet balance and high productivity. Studying the possibility of long-term productive use of Holstein cows in the region is relevant for improving dairy farming efficiency. The aim was to evaluate the variability of dairy characteristics of cows depending on lactation duration. Methods. The study object was cows that completed lactation, grouped by lactation number. Data from the IAC “SELEX-Dairy Cattle” database and own research were used. Herd structure was studied, average milk yield per lactation was established. Productivity was monitored via control milkings. The coefficient of variation was calculated. Results . The main part of the herd (44.8%) consists of 1st and 2nd lactation cows. Productivity stabilizes from the 3rd to the 6th lactation. The difference between minimum and maximum milk yield exceeds 200%. The coefficient of variation for milk yield (>10%) indicates herd heterogeneity, especially among 1st and 8th lactation cows, due to the mass introduction of replacement heifers without selection. Fat and protein content indicators are stable, their coefficients of variation are within normal limits. Holstein cows can be effectively used up to the 6th–7th lactation. To improve herd uniformity, it is necessary to optimize the selection of replacement young stock.
This article analyzes demand for rural tourism in the digital environment, comparing practices in the Sverdlovsk Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, and the Republic of Tatarstan. Rural tourism is considered a set of travel experiences that include visits to rural areas, farms, natural and cultural sites, local gastronomic venues, and accommodations outside of major cities. The study aims to identify differences between regional combinations of digital promotion, infrastructure support, and institutional support for tourism offerings, as well as to substantiate the applicability of the identified mechanisms to rural areas of the Sverdlovsk Region. The methodological framework combines comparative, dynamic, and index approaches, analyzing open statistical data and official regional materials for 2022–2025. The results demonstrate that sustainable demand is generated not by isolated advertising activities, but by the coherence of a region's digital showcase, meaningful event communications, transparent information about accommodation, physical navigation, and the ability to convert interest into bookings or visits. The Sverdlovsk Region demonstrates the potential of a catalog model based on a regional showcase and routing. The Republic of Bashkortostan uses event-based promotion as a mechanism for attracting audiences to natural, ethnic, and farm-based products. The Republic of Tatarstan combines increased traffic with increased digital transparency in the accommodation market and support for municipal projects. The scientific novelty lies in the presentation of a comparative framework linking the digital visibility of a rural property with the infrastructure conditions of an actual visit. The practical significance lies in the development of guidelines for regional governments and entrepreneurs in selecting marketing tools, content analysis indicators, and municipal support priorities.
The aim of this study is to identify differences and similarities in the parameters of labor stability in the agricultural sector in the two countries, based on official statistics. The data base includes data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus on employment, wages, and the sectoral structure of the economy. The methodological tools include comparative, dynamic, and index analyses, as well as a typological grouping of countries based on a combination of three characteristics: employment dynamics, relative wages, and the sector’s contribution to the structure of added value. It was found that both countries have experienced a long-term decline in employment in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and aquaculture; however, the intensity and institutional consequences of this process differ. In Russia, the decline in employment is accompanied by a more pronounced gap between wages in the agricultural sector and the average wage in the economy, which reduces the sector’s attractiveness to labor. Negative employment dynamics are also recorded in Belarus, but the higher share of the agricultural sector in the economy and a smaller relative wage gap result in a somewhat more stable labor force configuration. The research’s novelty lies in its integration of labor and macroeconomic indicators into a single analytical framework for labor force stability, suitable for cross-country comparisons. The results can be used to develop agricultural, labor, and regional policies. It is demonstrated that relative, rather than absolute, wage indicators allow for a more accurate assessment of the risk of labor outflow between economic sectors, making it possible to interpret labor force stability as a function not only of demographics but also of income distribution, the structural importance of the industry, and the state’s institutional capacity to mitigate intersectoral imbalances in the labor market.
The scientific article presents the results of studying the indicators of variability of signs of dairy productivity depending on the duration of lactation in Holstein cows. Analysis of the data showed that modern dairy cattle have high productivity indicators. The age structure of the herd shows that some of the animals are used for a sufficiently long time, that is, there are cows in the herd with a high duration of productive use and good indicators of resilience. As a result of research, it was found that they all had high milk yield, which depend on the age characteristics of lactation activity. The difference between the minimum and maximum indicators of milk yield ranged from 5956 (5th lactation) to 8284 kg (4th lactation), according to MJ - from 0.48 (7 lactation) to 1.47% (1 lactation) and MJ from 0.31 (7 lactation) to 0.51% (1 lactation). The coefficients of variation (Cv) for milk yield, MJ and MDB in milk confirm that the variation was in a normal ratio. Analysis of the variability of milk traits will allow further effective selection work to improve them.
