Valdosta State University

Using a novel climate policy uncertainty (CPU) measure based on emissions legislation, climate protests, and presidential statements, we show that in response to climate policy risk, firms tend to strategically reduce their future innovation, measured by patent counts, citations, and innovation value. Green innovation, however, is less vulnerable than non-green innovation. We argue that CPU constrains innovation through a precautionary motive: firms under high uncertainty face higher external financing costs and shift from prospector (innovation-oriented) to defender (cost-minimizing) strategies. Results are robust to instrumental variable estimation, firm fixed effects, and a difference-in-differences design exploiting the Paris Agreement as an exogenous shock. These findings underscore the strategic and policy implications of uncertainty in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Overall, our results provide insights into policy implications.

Human-generated traffic noise can increase stress levels in wild animals, which may underlie fitness declines. And prior exposure to noise may influence an individual's response. While much research has examined noise-induced stress on vertebrates, much less is known regarding invertebrates. We tested the hypothesis that traffic noise affects spider stress. To accomplish this, we measured heart rate elevations in two orb-weaving Trichonephila spiders in the United States, the non-native jor & omacr; spider (Trichonephila clavata) and the golden silk spider (Trichonephila clavipes). Mature females were captured along roads at natural areas with either prior exposure to loud noise with high daily traffic patterns or quiet sites with low daily traffic patterns and housed in clear containers in a lab. For traffic noise playbacks, we broadcast a simulated pink noise signal at captive spiders and monitored their heart rate via contractions of the dorsal vessel, which we monitored remotely by a high-magnification video. Jor & omacr; spiders with prior exposure to loud traffic had the largest increase in heart rate. In contrast, the magnitude of heart rate change for golden silk spiders was predicted by baseline heart rates, regardless of prior noise exposure. Despite the change in heart rate, for both species, observed elevations following exposure to traffic noise were less than that observed when they were subjected to severe stress. Thus, our research adds to a growing body of literature that shows orb-weaving Trichonephila spiders tend to be resilient to anthropogenic disturbance, and their mild stress responses may underlie their ability to cope with human-generated environmental change.

This work reports on a theoretical investigation for the thermodynamic of mixing and transport phenomena of Al1-xAux liquid binary alloys. The thermodynamics of mixing encompasses the energy of mixing (Delta E), enthalpy of mixing (Delta Q) and entropy of mixing (Delta S). First principle, microscopic theory based on the perturbation approach, and statistical mechanics have been applied for the evaluation of thermodynamics of mixing features. Here, the electron-ion and ion-ion effective interactions are described by a local pseudopotential. The partial pair potential and the pair correlation function are two main ingredients for the estimation of these mixing features evaluated from the local pseudopotential. Furthermore, the transport phenomena includes the atomic transport and electronic transport for Al1-xAux liquid systems. The attributes of atomic transport are examined using the Rice-Allnatt (R-A) theory for the shear viscosity (eta) and the diffusion coefficient (D). On the other hand, extended Ziman's formula has been employed to calculate the electronic transport, namely electrical resistivity (rho) for the concerned system. Transport properties are estimated using the same ingredients as those used for calculating the thermodynamics of mixing, which include two fixed parameters: the core radius (Rc) and the softness parameters (a), both of which remain unchanged across the entire range of liquid system concentrations. This combination of estimation illustrates the novelty and self-consistent procedure for this study and is reliable for the present framework. The results of our calculations for the thermodynamics of mixing and the viscosity, however, agree well with the available experimental data. The trends were found satisfactory for the case of the diffusion coefficient and electrical resistivity.

Let Λ be a 𝕜 -algebra where 𝕜 is a field of arbitrary characteristic, and let 𝒜_𝕜 be a full subcategory of Λ -Mod, the abelian category of left Λ -modules. In particular, 𝒜_𝕜 is a 𝕜 -category, i.e. the set of morphisms between objects in 𝒜_𝕜 is a vector space over 𝕜 and the composition of morphisms is 𝕜 -bilinear. Following M. Kleiner and I. Reiten, 𝒜_𝕜 is Hom-finite if the hom-space between any two objects in 𝒜_𝕜 is finite-dimensional over 𝕜 . We further say that 𝒜_𝕜 is Ext-finite if _𝕜Ext^i_Λ (X,Y)<∞ for all objects X and Y in 𝒜_𝕜 . Let V be an object in 𝒜_𝕜 . In this note we prove that if End_Λ (V) is isomorphic to 𝕜 , then V has a universal deformation ring R(Λ ,V) , which is a local complete Noetherian commutative 𝕜 -algebra whose residue field is also isomorphic to 𝕜 . We use this result to prove that if Λ is a two-point infinite-dimensional gentle 𝕜 -algebra (in the sense of V. Bekkert et al), then R(Λ ,V) is isomorphic either to 𝕜 , to 𝕜[[t]]/(t^2) or to 𝕜[[t]] .

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