Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr

Lipid oxidation affects the quality and functionality of vegetable oils, and its progression depends largely on fatty acid composition and antioxidant content. Oxidation kinetics provide essential information about oxidative resistance in oils. The determination of activation parameters allows for the evaluation of oxidation susceptibility under thermal stress. Oxidative stability and oxidation kinetics at different temperatures of rosehip, sunflower, olive and jojoba oils were studied using both Rancimat and BQC-Redox System methods, enabling the calculation of kinetic constants and thermodynamic activation parameters for the process. BRS measurements showed an increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with temperature in all samples, with olive oil presenting the highest TAC and jojoba the lowest at 298 K, while rosehip oil showed the lowest TAC at 373 K. Kinetic analysis revealed negative ΔS# values, indicating the formation of ordered transition states, and similar activation energies (ΔG# ≈ 56-58 kJ/mol), although jojoba displayed the highest ΔH# and ΔG#. Rancimat analysis at 373 K showed clear differences in oxidative stability: jojoba oil had the longest induction period, followed by olive, sunflower, and rosehip. These results correlated with PUFA levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed strong associations between induction period, fatty-acid composition, and kinetic parameters, demonstrating good agreement between the two analytical methods.

Background/Objectives: Children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) face significant barriers to conventional dental care and frequently require general anaesthesia (GA). Data characterising the clinical and therapeutic profile of this population in the Spanish public health system remain scarce. This study aimed to describe the systemic conditions, oral pathology, and dental procedures performed in CSHCN attending a tertiary-care paediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery service, and to characterise the subgroup of patients requiring treatment under GA relative to the wider clinic population. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted at the Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (Valencia, Spain) from November 2022 to February 2026. Data were extracted from electronic health records for 160 outpatient clinic patients aged 0–14 years (70.6% male), of whom 42—a subgroup, not an independent sample—subsequently underwent dental treatment under GA (76.2% male). Sex, age, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) status were compared between the GA subgroup and a non-overlapping outpatient-only comparator (n = 118) using Fisher’s exact test and Welch’s t-test. Results: ASD was the most prevalent systemic condition in both the outpatient clinic (25.0%) and the GA subgroup (42.9%); a statistically significant association with ASD status was observed against the non-overlapping outpatient-only comparator (18.6% ASD; p = 0.003), while sex (p = 0.432) and age (p = 1.00) did not differ. Dental caries was the most common finding at outpatient assessment (61.0%), followed by root remnants (32.1%). Among GA patients, tooth extraction was performed in 78.6%, composite restoration in 71.4%, and professional dental cleaning in 50.0%. The mean number of procedure types per GA patient was 2.5 ± 1.0 (range 1–5); 81.0% received two or more procedure types in a single session. Conclusions: CSHCN attending this service present advanced oral disease, and those referred for GA had a significantly higher prevalence of ASD than the remaining clinic population, requiring complex, multi-procedure interventions in a single session. The wide geographic pattern of referrals suggests that further evaluation of the distribution of hospital dental services within the public health network may be warranted, and caregiver-targeted preventive programmes may represent a promising strategy to reduce the oral disease burden in this population.

Simulation-based learning is increasingly used in higher education to connect language learning with professionally oriented communication, yet less is known about how students perceive their development across repeated simulation cycles in discipline-specific English settings. This longitudinal mixed-methods study examined perceived development among 81 first-year undergraduate students enrolled in a Scientific English module within the Psychology degree program. Students participated in two simulation cycles focused mainly on self-harm and addictions and completed the same ad hoc questionnaire after each cycle. The instrument assessed two dimensions, Perceptions and Emotional Engagement (PEE) and Professional Competence and Communication (PCC), and included open-ended questions. Quantitative findings showed significant increases from the first to the second simulation in total scores, PEE, and PCC, with stronger gains in professional competence and communication. Qualitative findings indicated that these changes were associated with greater confidence, a more applied understanding of empathy, improved management of emotionally and ethically complex situations, and increased confidence in professionally oriented communication in English. Students also identified repetition, realism, collaboration, and preparation as key supports for learning. Overall, the findings suggest that repeated simulation can support more reflective, confident, and professionally oriented participation in discipline-specific English settings while fostering early professional awareness among psychology students.

PURPOSE:Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects physical and psychosocial health, with treatments including surgery, bracing, and observation. However, the long-term effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term HRQoL outcomes in untreated AIS patients compared to those undergoing surgical or brace interventions through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and Medline). Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) tool, and evidence certainty was evaluated using the GRADE system. The primary outcomes of the meta-analysis were measured using SRS-22r and SF-12 scales for the assessment of HRQoL, evaluating domains including function, mental health, pain, self-image, and satisfaction after a minimum ten-year follow-up period. RESULTS:Eight studies published between 2010 and 2023 that assessed HRQoL after a follow-up period of ten years or more were included in the systematic review. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The observation group showed better outcomes in functional (MD 0.43, 95% CI 0.01-0.84) and mental health domains (MD 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.20) compared to the surgical group. No significant differences were found in pain, self-image, and satisfaction domains. Comparison between observation and brace groups showed equivalence across all domains. Evidence certainty ranged from moderate to low. CONCLUSION:Long-term HRQoL in AIS shows no clear benefit of surgery or bracing over observation, which may offer equal or better mental and functional outcomes. This supports personalized care. Further high-quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence base.

Introducción la ecografía clínica (Point-of-Care Ultrasound, POCUS) se ha consolidado como una herramienta diagnóstica esencial en la práctica médica contemporánea. Sin embargo, su integración en los planes de estudio del grado en Medicina en España es heterogénea y carece de un marco competencial estandarizado. Objetivo establecer, mediante un consenso de expertos, un marco nacional de competencias en ecografía clínica para estudiantes del grado en Medicina en España. Material y métodos se realizó un estudio Delphi modificado coordinado por el Grupo de Trabajo Interuniversitario en Ecografía Clínica de la Sociedad Española de Educación Médica (GTEC-SEDEM). Participaron 30 docentes expertos de 20 universidades españolas. Se evaluaron 89 enunciados distribuidos en 14 bloques temáticos mediante una escala tipo Likert de 1 a 9 puntos. El consenso se estableció siguiendo los criterios RAND/UCLA en 2 rondas realizadas entre octubre y diciembre de 2025. Resultados se validaron 85 competencias (81 con consenso fuerte y 4 con consenso moderado). El consenso respalda un modelo curricular longitudinal, iniciando en ciencias básicas y culminando en la aplicación clínica supervisada. Se identificaron como competencias nucleares el manejo técnico del ecógrafo, la aplicación del principio ALARA, la ética y la confidencialidad, y la sistemática de exploración por órganos y sistemas. Se excluyeron procedimientos invasivos en pacientes y aplicaciones propias del ámbito de posgrado; se mantuvo el entrenamiento en simulación para habilidades básicas. Conclusión este estudio proporciona un marco competencial nacional consensuado para la enseñanza de la ecografía clínica en el grado en Medicina en España, susceptible de adaptación local y actualización futura.