Westwood College

600 Background: There is an increasing incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the colon and rectum likely related to increased screening colonoscopy and availability of better diagnostics. Most of these tumors identified during screening are low grade early-stage tumors with high cure rates. Data on long term risk of recurrence of NET and other second cancers is lacking. We studied the incidence rates of all second malignancies in survivors of NET of the colon and rectum. Methods: We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), Research Data 17 Registries, Nov 2022 Sub (2000-2022) to determine the risk of second malignancies in patients with an initial cancer diagnosis of NET of the colon and rectum. With these criteria we had overall 17,907 patients and 157,720 patient years of follow up. The relative risk of subsequent malignancies is reported as a standardized incidence ratio (observed incidence [O]/expected incidence [E]). Incidence ratios are analyzed over time from initial diagnosis to assess long term risk. Results: Survivors of NET of the large intestine are at highest risk of malignancy of the rectum (O/E: 6.4, CI: 7.26 - 5.61, N= 239) and this increased risk of rectal cancer persists even 10 years after the initial diagnosis (0/E: 3.8, CI: 5.37- 2.6, N= 32). There is no increased risk of cancer of the colon excluding rectum (O/E: 0.98, CI: 1.18-0.81, N= 114). Even after 10 years from diagnosis there is increased risk of second cancers for NET of the Colon (O/E: 1.28, CI: 1.55-1.06, N=110) and NET of the Rectum (O/E: 1.12, CI: 1.23- 1.02, N= 433). There is also increased incidence of small intestine cancer (O/E: 2.92, CI: 4.17- 1.97, N=30), Prostate cancer (O/E: 1.28, CI: 1.41- 1.15, N=400), Kidney and renal pelvis cancer (O/E: 1.53, CI: 1.86 -1.25, N= 104), Thyroid cancer (O/E: 1.63, CI: 2.12-1.23, N= 55) and Nodal Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (O/E: 1.34, CI: 1.71-1.03, N=64). Conclusions: Survivors of NET of the large intestine are at risk of developing subsequent malignancies. The information presented may help physicians in effectively monitoring survivors for second cancers at various timeframes from their initial diagnosis.

Tahfidz learning is a learning that is carried out between students and teachers to change student behavior and improve Al-Quran memorization. Rumah Tahfidz is an activity where learning to memorize the Al-Quran, practice and apply the values ??of the Al-Quran which are carried out in daily life can be in residential homes, campuses and schools. The purpose of this research is to 1). Knowing how the activities of the Tahfidz Al-Quran program are at the MQM Batusangkar Quran House. 2). Knowing how the method of implementing the Tahfidz program at the MQM Batusangkar Quran House 3). Knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Tahfidz Program at the MQM Batusangkar Quran House. In this study it is known that 1). Tahfidz activities are held from Monday to Friday every ba'da asar until half past six, where the activities initially start here by praying first then students listen to directions from the Tahfidz teacher and are given a few minutes to prepare their respective memorization to be deposited, after all students deposit their memorization followed by several games such as the verse connecting game, and guessing the letter immediately closed with a prayer, then the teacher and students prepare for the next material lesson. 2). The methods for implementing the Tahfidz Program at the MQM Batusangkar Quran House are the Wahdah Method, Kitabah Method, Sima'i Method, and Murajaah Method. 3). supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Tahfidz Program at the MQM Batusangkar Quran House, namely student interests, student talents, parents, teachers, the community and the surrounding environment and also equipped with several media images when teaching Tahfidz. While the inhibiting factor is the ability of the students themselves because there are some abilities that are below average, so the teacher has to be more extra in teaching with various methods.

At present the role of the teacher is very important for the creation of character in students. There are several elements that can support the formation of character learning for students. One of them is the accuracy in choosing learning media by the teacher in the learning process. This study aims to build student character by using appropriate and effective learning media. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using a survey model with Google Forms and in-depth interviews with one of the students. The results of this study can explain that implementing the efficiency of learning media in building character in students will present an effective and optimal learning process. The conclusion of this study is that the selection of appropriate instructional media will influence and have an effect on the learning process, which in building the character of current students really needs efficient media so that students can easily understand and apply it in the school, family and community environment. The limitations of this study are that researchers can only conduct research at the intermediate level, due to short time constraints, the researcher hopes that future researchers can conduct research at a higher level and in more depth.

Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is associated with cognitive decline and dementia. It is characterized by the buildup of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain. The Aβ plaques are formed through insoluble Aβ fragments clumping together in between neurons and blocking synaptic function. On the other hand, neurofibrillary tau tangles are formed through the misfolding of tau monomers which then accumulate within neurons. Although original research focused on the two components separately, recent research has attempted to view the interplay between Aβ and tau to figure out the impact and discover potential treatments for Alzheimer’s. A lot about Alzheimer’s is still unknown and we are still figuring out how exactly the plaques and tangles are created. Alzheimer’s currently does not have a cure, but there are FDA-approved treatments that can differ depending on the stage of Alzheimer’s. These medications are synthesized to either slow disease progression or alleviate the symptoms temporarily. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the relationship between the beta-amyloid plaques and the tau tangles, explore their combined impact, and consider the implications of their interactions that will potentially help us treat Alzheimer’s in the future.

Ambient air pollution is attributed to 4.2 million deaths annually and accounts for nearly 30% of the global top 6 leading causes of death. According to the World Health Organization, 99% of the world population lives in areas with dangerously high levels of pollutants, most being in low-income countries. Although current solutions exist, none are both cheap and efficient at filtering out Particulate Matter (PM) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) outdoors. Photocatalysis, a process known to occur in photovoltaic semiconductors, has proven to degrade pollutants, but only under Ultraviolet Light, which accounts for just 3-5% of sunlight. In this experiment, the dye-sensitization method was tested to increase the filtration efficiency of a semiconductor, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), under visible light. The dyes tested were Flavonoids, which are natural antioxidants found in fruits that have also been previously used to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic electricity production, from Blackberry, Blueberry, Raspberry and Parsley. Each filter was coated in a solution of Dye-sensitized TiO2. The filters’ efficiencies were then evaluated by passing contaminated air through each filter into a testing chamber where the resulting quality of the air was analyzed with an air quality monitor. The Parsley-TiO2 filter was the most efficient, removing nearly all VOCs, PM2.5, PM10 and PM1, and the estimated cost to create the filter was approximately $2. This filter could save millions of lives, due to its low cost of production, and could potentially be applied in impoverished areas of polluted cities like Beijing and New Delhi.