Background Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) can cause severe pulmonary and extrapulmonary injury, leading to delayed recovery and an increased risk of adverse outcomes in children. Although bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important therapeutic approach for RMPP, its use as a standalone treatment still has certain limitations. Objective This single-center prospective randomized RCT aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Huanglian Wendan Decoction (HWD) combined with BAL in children with RMPP of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung pattern, and to explore its impacts on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, pulmonary function, serum inflammatory factors, and treatment safety. Method A total of 116 children with RMPP treated in Panzhihua City Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from November 2022 to January 2024 were randomly assigned into the BAL Group and Decoction Group using a random number table, with 58 cases in each group. The BAL Group received conventional treatment plus BAL therapy, while the Decoction Group received treatment with HWD in addition to BAL treatment. The efficacy, TCM syndrome score, pulmonary function-related indicators, the levels of serum inflammatory factors [procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10, IL-25], and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Panzhihua City Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine at its meeting on 18 October, 2022 (registration number LW2022112303 dated18/10/2022). This trial was registered with the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (ITMCTR) on 7 June 2026 and is currently pending review. Results The total effective rate of the Decoction Group was 91.38%, significantly higher than the 72.41% of the BAL Group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of various traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, the levels of serum pro-inflammatory factors PCT, IL-25, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as well as CRP of children in both groups decreased, and the Decoction Group was significantly lower than the BAL Group (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the BAL Group and Decoction Group was 22.41% and 17.24%, respectively, with no prominent difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion HWD combined with BAL has good efficacy in treating children with RMPP. It can improve the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of patients, promote the recovery of pulmonary function, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, control the development of the disease, and has high safety.
The present article targets the methodologies of literary text analysis with an emphasis on the exploration of writer’s intention and the way it is interpreted by readers. The main approaches covered in the present study are cognitive-stylistic analysis of texts with the objective of evaluating the aesthetics and disclosing the authorial intention of the text, hermeneutic interpretation with the purpose of studying the reader’s understanding of the text under discussion. The study of metaphors coined in J. London’s novel “White Fang” and the comparative analysis of their Armenian equivalents distinguished in the respective translation revealed that the integration of cognitive-stylistic, semantic and hermeneutic methods into the examination of literary texts contributes to the revelation of the author’s intention and determination of its interpretation. It can also be a possible solution for defining the criteria to assess and determine the aesthetic value of texts in the domain of verbal art.
This study explores the prevailing trends in Armenia’s labor market. Based on anonymized data from the 2023 sample survey of households in the Republic of Armenia, a multiple regression model was constructed to assess the impact of the worker’s gender, level of education, and several other factors on the average nominal wage. According to the model, education in Armenia has a significant but weak positive effect on wages. On average, women's wages are 120,308 AMD lower than those of men. Based on annual data from 1996 to 2024, the results of an ARDL class model show that a 1% increase in GDP leads to a 0.46% increase in the average wage in the current year and a 0.49% increase in the following year.
This article analyses the universal basic income (UBI) concept as a policy proposal within welfare state policy in the United States, studying the possibilities and challenges and their likely implications. The article discusses both the historical debate and the contemporary discussion of UBI in the United States, compares it to current social programs, and reflects upon its possible role in lessening problems such as poverty, inequality, and unemployment in rapid economic and technological change and shifts in labor market conditions. It considers both theoretical and practical aspects of UBI implementation, including financial feasibility, social acceptability, economic stability, social cohesion and the impact on labor force participation. It also deals with political and ideological barriers to the implementation of UBI and discusses its feasibility in the US political context. Through the critical reflection of existing debates and empirical evidence, this article aims to develop an in-depth analysis of UBI as a paradigmatic policy that has the potential to transform the US social security system in the 21st century.
